人教版高中英语选修六虚拟语气
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The Subjunctive Mood
Grammar
A: I wonder why Fred works so hard.
B: I don’t know. He must like his job.
A: If he didn’t like his job, he wouldn’t
work so hard.
A: Do you enjoy driving a car?
B: Not really. I wish I drove a plane of my own.
如果现在不下雨的话, 我们就出去野餐了。
If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.
如果他来这儿, 他就能够帮助你了。
If he came here, he might be able to help you.
V+ ed (were)
would/could/should/might +V (原)
要是当初她被邀请的话，她就会去参加这次聚会了。
She would have gone to the party if she had been
invited.
今天早上，她要是不叫我的话，我就会睡过头了。
If she hadn't called me, I would have overslept
this morning.
had done
would/could/should/might+have+p.p.
明年我要是二十岁，我就会学法语。
If I were to be twenty years old next
year, I would take the course of French.
要是失败了，我会再试一次。
If it should fail, I would try again.
1. V. + ed.
2. should+ V.(原)
3. were to do
would/could/should/might +V.(原)
V+ ed (were)
had done
would/could/should/might +V (原)
would/could/should/might+have+p.p.
1. V. + ed.
2. should+ V.(原)
3. were to do
would/could/should/might +V.(原)
一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法
1.一般用法
1. 如果你早来5分钟,你就赶上这趟车了。
If you _______ here five minutes earlier, you
_________________ the bus.
2. 如果我现在不忙,我就来帮你了。
If I ____ not busy, I __________ you now.
3. 如果明天下雪了,我们怎么办？
What ______ we do if it ____________
tomorrow?
had got
were
would help
should
were to snow
would have caught
If I ____________ busy last night,
I _______________ to see the
film with you.
had not been
would have gone
If he _________ more carefully,
he ____________________ the car
accident yesterday.
would not have had
had driven
If I ___________(know) your telephone
number, I ______________________
(telephone) you yesterday.
had known
would have telephoned
2.含蓄条件句的虚拟语气
★要不是你的帮助，我们就不可能提前完成任务。
If it had not been for your help, we
couldn’t have finished the work ahead
of time.
= But for your helpXXXXX
= Without your helpXXXXX
= Had it not been for your help,XXXXX
没有你的帮助，我们就不会实验成功。
要不是这场雨，我们就完成工作了。
Without your help, we couldn’t have
succeeded in the experiment.
But for the rain, we would have
finished the work.
含蓄虚拟条件句，句中有without, or, otherwise, but for等词隐含某种假设。
I lost your address, otherwise I_______
you long before.
A. had visited B. have visited
C. would have visited D. should visit
C
3.混合型的条件句
当条件从句与主句所表的时间不一
致时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。
主句和从句的谓语动词并不相互呼应，
这种条件句叫混合条件句。较多见的
混合型条件句是从句用过去完成时
（指过去行为），而主句用一般时
（指目前状态）。
思考：
If I were you, I wouldn’t have missed the film last night.
If you had listened to the teacher carefully in class, you would know what to do now.
注意：当主句和从句所指的时间不一致，主从句的谓语需要根据实际时间概念确定，形成混合虚拟语气。
（高考链接）It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I___ in love, at the age of 7, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.
A. wouldn’t have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall
★如果他听了我的劝告，他现在会通过考试。
He would pass the test if he had taken my advice.
★假如昨天我对他说了，现在我就知道该怎么
办了。
If I had spoken to him yesterday, I should know
what to do now.
★假如我是你，我当时就不会打破那杯子。
If I were you, I would not have broken the
glass.
如果你采纳了我的建议，你现在就会好得多。
If you had followed my advice, you would
be better now.
如果你之前努力学习了，你现在就是一名大学
生，四年后就会大学毕业了。
If you had studied hard before, you
would be a college student now, and
you would graduate from a college in
four years’ time.
4. 连词 if 的省略
如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有were,
had和should时, 可省略if, 把were, had
和should放到从句主语前面去, 多见于
书面语。
★要是没有你的帮助，我就失败了。
Had you not helped me, I should
have failed.
★ 假如你处在我的地位，你也会这样干的。
Were you in my position, you would
do the same.
★ 假如他们进攻我们，我们就把他们彻底
消灭干净。
Should they attack us, we’ll wipe
them out completely.
1. ______ he come, the problem would be
settled.
A. would B. should C. shall D. if
2. _______, man could not live at all .
A. were it not for the sun
B. if it was for the sun
C. had it not been for the sun
D. if it shouldn’t be for the sun
Exercises
B
A
3. ______. Everything would have been
all right.
A. he had been here
B. here he had been
C. been here he had
D. had he been here
4. ____ fired, your health care and other
benefits will not be immediately cut off.
A. would you be B. should you be
C. could you be D. might you be
D
B
二. 表示要求、命令、建议的虚拟语气。使用should + 动词原形，或者将should省略。
常见动词: 一个坚持，两个命令，
三个建议，四个要求。即
1) insist
2) order, command
3) advise, suggest, propose
4) demand, require, request, ask
I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
He insisted that he (should) be sent there.
注意：如suggest, insist不表示“建议” 或“坚持要某人做某事时”, 即它们用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“坚持认为”时, 宾语从句用陈述语气。
1) The guard at gate insisted that everybody ____ (obey) the rules.
2) He insisted that she ___ (be)seriously ill and that ______ (send) to hospital at once.
obey
was
be sent
3) He suggested that we ____ (have) a meeting at once.
4) His pale face suggested that he ____ (be) ill.
have
was
以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气，从句中的动词形式为(should) + 动词原形
order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request
三、虚拟语气特殊句型:
1. wish 的宾语从句
现在: 过去时(were)
过去: 过去完成时(had done)
未来: would/could/might +V.(原) should
I wish everyday were my birthday.
I wish I hadn't eaten so much food.
I wish I would grow tall.
我现在要是年轻十岁就好了。
I wish I were ten years younger now.
我昨天要是遇见他就好了。
I wish I had met him yesterday.
我希望成为一名科学家。
I wish I would be a scientist.
2. would rather that
现在:
过去:
未来:
★ I would rather you paid me now.
★ I would rather I hadn’t come yesterday.
★ I would rather you came tomorrow.
过去时
过去时
过去完成时
(1)I would rather you _____(pay) the money yourself.
(2)I would rather she ______________(not break) the window.
结论：表示现在或将来的情况用
表示过去的情况用
（高考链接）George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he ____ more on its culture.
A. focus B. focused
C. would focus D. had focused
paid
had not broken
一般过去时
过去完成时
3. as if /though + 从句
现在：
过去：
过去时
过去完成时
★ She loves the baby as if it were her own son.
★ I remember the whole thing as if it had
happened yesterday.
★ 他们就像多年的朋友一样交谈。
They talked as if they had been friends
for years.
★ 他看上去像是醉了。
He looks as if he were drunk.
★ 她看起来似乎是冰做的。
She looked as if she were made of ice.
我们该去睡觉了。
4. It’s (about/high) time +that
过去时(were)
should(不省) +V.
你该走了。
It’s high time that you went.
It’s high time that you were going.
It’s high time that you should go.
It’s time that we went to bed.
It’s time that we should go to bed.
5. It’s necessary/strange/natural/ important
/pity/no wonder/impossible + that 从句,
从句中的动词要用虚拟，即(should)+
动词原形
★我们掌握一门外语是非常重要的。
It is important that we (should) master
a foreign language.
★很奇怪她竟然拒绝来参加聚会。
It is strange that she refuse to come to
the party.
★ 我们有必要努力学习。
It’s necessary that we should study hard.
6. 虚拟语气用于If only 引导的感叹句中，
“要是XXXXXXXXXX就好了”
If only I were a flying bird!
= How I wish I were a flying bird!
要是我看过那部电影就好了！
If only I had seen the film!
=How I wish I had seen the film![全文已结束，注意以上仅为全文的文字预览，不包含图片和表格以及排版]
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