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Grammar （subjective mood)
语气是说话人对行为或动作的态度。
英语的语气有三种：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。
语气指通过一定的动词形式表达出来。
Q:What’s the difference between the two sentences?
If I am free, I will visit you.
If I were a bird, I would fly into the sky.
→
（虚拟条件句）
→
(真实条件句）
一. (一) if 引导的虚拟条件句
had done
助动词 be用 were
实义动词 do 用 did
did / were
should do
were to do
would
should +have done sth
could
might
would
should + do sth
could
might
would
should + do sth
could
Might
If I were you, I ____ buy the house right now.
A. won’t B. don’t C. wouldn’t D. can’t
2. _____more careful, his ship would not have
sunk.
A. If the captain were
B. If the captain had been
C. Should the captain be
D. If the captain would have been
3. If he ____me tomorrow, I would let him know
A. should call B. should not have been able
C. were not able D. are not able
B
C
A
If I were a teacher, I would have lots of students.
_____ I a teacher, I would have lots of students.
If I had entered rui’an high school, I would not sit here now.
____ _____entered rui’an high school, I would not sit here now.
If we should visit Zhejiang University tomorrow, I would play basketball there.
____ _____ Zhejiang University tomorrow, I would play basketball there.
Were
Had I
Should we
当从句中有 were, had 或 should 时，可省略if ，而把它们放在句首。
(二) if 引导的虚拟条件句的省略
介词 without/but for 引导的短语,代替if 引导的虚拟条件从句.
If there were no water, fish could not live.
______________, fish could not live.
2. If you had not helped me, I would have failed.
___________________, I would have failed.
3. If the Party didn’t lead us, we could not realize ..
____________________, we could not realize ...
注意：without引导各种与事实相反虚拟，
But for只引导与过去事实相反的虚拟
Without water
Without /but for your help
Without the Party’s leadership
(三)：含蓄条件句
指条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间不一致,这时主句和从句分别看。
If he had told me yesterday, I should know what to do now.
If you had not missed the bus,we would be enjoying Zhang Huimei’s concert now.
If I __________ with her last summer, I ___________________ with her now.
如果去年夏天和她一起工作，我现在就能和她很好的相处了
(四)：混合虚拟
had worked
would get on very well
二. 宾语从句的虚拟语气。
常见动词：
一个坚持：insist
二个命令：order, command
三个建议：advise, suggest, propose
四个要求：demand , require, request, desire
这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词 使用should + 动词原形，或者将should省略。
1.我们建议Tom去休息一下。
2.他坚决要求我到场。
3.国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。
4.他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。
1.We suggested that Tom
2.He insisted that I present.
4.They requested that we
3.The king ordered that the prisoners
should have a rest.
(should) be
Should be killed
the next day.
should send them
to work there.
insist / suggest 各有两意思，要用不同的语气
① 表“坚决要求”,虚拟, should + do;
②表“坚称,坚持说”,陈述语气,表事实。
①表“建议”，虚拟, should + do;
②表“表明、暗示” ，用陈述语气。
The teacher suggested that we ______________ more after class. （我们课后多练习）
The look on her face suggested that she ________happy
He insisted that all of us ___________there on time by any means. （我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿）
He insisted that he _____________ the wallet(没有偷钱包).
insist
suggest
(should) practise
was
should be
didn’t steal
注意
2、以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句（包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句）也要使用(should) do。
1. It’s suggested that the plan______________(carry out).
2. My demand is that she _____________(come)to see me once a week.
3. All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory________________________(close down).
be carried out
should come
should be closed down
order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand,
request, desire
（一）：wish+宾语从句
I wish XXXXXXXXXXdid/were XXXXXXXXXX 与现在情况相反
(that) XXXXXXXXXXhad done XXXXXXXXXX 与过去情况相反
XXXXXXXXXXcould/would/ might/与将来情况相反
1.I wish I______(be) as strong as you.
2.How I wish I _____(be) young again.
3.I wish I _________(see) you yesterday.
4.I wish I__________(know) your telephone number earlier.
5.I wish I ___________(can fly) to the moon one day.
were
were
had seen
had known
could fly
三：动词后的虚拟
XXXXXwould rather (that)-
现在：
过去：
未来：
I would rather you ____me now. (现在)
I would rather you______, too. (过去)
Don’t come. I would rather you ______tomorrow. (未来)
过去时
过去时
过去完成时
paid
had gone
came
（二）：would rather
If only I ______his name!
If only we ________your advice!
If only I ________him again!
要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。
要是我没错过火车就好了！
If only our parents______________!
If only_______________________!
四：If only XXXXX(要是XXXXX就好了)
knew
had followed
could see
could live with us
I hadn’t missed the train
=I wish
五：It’s high time +that -
should +V.
过去时
你该走了。
我们该睡觉了。
It’s high time that you_____
It’s high time that you_________
It’s time that we_________.
It’s time that we _________to bed.
went.
should go.
went to bed
should go
精选习题
1. You didn’t let me drive. If we ____ in turn, you ____ so tired.
A. droveXXXXXdidn’t get
B. had drivenXXXXXwouldn’t have got
C. droveXXXXXwouldn’t get
D. were drivingXXXXXwouldn’t get
B
2. If you _____ him yesterday, you _____ what to do now.
asked XXXXX would know
had asked XXXXX would have known
C. asked him XXXXX know
D. had asked XXXXX would know
D
D
3. How I wish every family _____ a large house with a beautiful garden! (02 上海) A. has B. had C. will have D. had had
B
.
4 - Do you mind if I leave the window open?
- Well, I’d rather you _____ .
A. don’t B. didn’t
C. won’t D. mustn’t
5. It’s half past eleven. It’s high time _____ home.
A. we’ll B. we’d
C. we’re going D. we went
B
D
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