Unit 2 Learning about language

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Unit 2

Working the land

Learning about language

必修四

_________ brown (skin) from spending too much time in the sun

________ to make something or somebody free of

_________ to become larger in size, number or amount

sunburnt

ridXXXXXof

expand

Discovering useful words and expressions

1 Find the word or phrase from the text

for each of these meanings.

4. ________ to make information and

ideas known to many people

5. ____________ would prefer to

6. ________ to try extremely hard to

achieve something

circulate

would rather

struggle

7. ______ to send things to foreign countries for sale

8. ___________ pleased by having what one wants or needs

9. ______ to provide with things necessary for a certain purpose

10. _____ plants grown in large amounts by farmers

11. _________ because of

export

satisfied with

equip

crop

thanks to

Answers to exercise 2:

1. information: statistics; world: globe

2. Strong: super; races: nationalities

3. Not having enough food: hunger;

sickness: disease

4. A small Southeast Asian country:

Vietnam; jobs: occupations

5. Open conditions: freedom

sold and sent abroad: exported

3 Complete the passage with the words below in their proper forms.

disturbing expand output struggle battles grain crops decade equip

In the past _______, some of the farmers

in the west of China have met with some

success in the ________ against the

__________ desert. _________ with new

scientific farming methods,

decade

struggle

expanding

Equipped

they have been able to use less farmland

than in the past. Their ______ of _____

and other ______, however, is still the

same, which makes it possible for them

to use the remaining farmland for

planting trees. These and other farmers

are starting to win small ______ in the

great war against the __________ growth

of the desert.

output

grain

crops

battles

disturbing

The ing form as the Subject and Object

Grammar

Have you ever seen these signs?

parking, spitting,

littering, smoking

动词-ing形式

1. 构成: 在动词末尾加-ing 。

否定形式: not+ -ing 构成

2. 动词-ing形式不能单独作谓语, 没有人称和

数的变化, 但可以有自己的宾语和状语, 还有

时态和语态的变化。

3. 动词-ing形式由动词加-ing变化而成,

它同时具有名词和动词的特征, 在句中可以

作主语、宾语等。

1. 表示经常的、习惯性的动作或状态,

谓语动词通常用单数。如：

Walking is a good form of exercise for

both young and old.

无论对年轻人和老年人来讲, 走路是一种

很好的锻炼。

Watching news on TV has become a

routine for me. 在电视上看新闻已经成了

我的一种日常习惯。

作主语

2. -ing形式作主语时常后置, 此时须用it

作形式主语, 用形容词或名词作表语。

常见的名词或名词短语有: no use,

no good, fun, hard work, a hard / difficult

job, a waste of time 等; 形容词有:

dangerous, worthwhile, useless等。如:

It’s no use making an excuse for this.

为这件事找借口是没有用的。

It’s dangerous swimming in the sea on windy

days.

有风的天气在海里游泳是危险的。

3. 在there is no + Ving 的结构中如：

There is no hiding of evil but not to do it．

若要人不知, 除非己莫为。

There is no joking about such matter.

这种事开不得玩笑。

1、 动名词作主语表单数概念,谓语动词用单数形式。

Walking after supper is good for your health.

2、 动名词的复合结构作主语

动名词的复合结构是指物主代词、名词所有格是动名词逻辑上的主语、动名词是其逻辑上的谓语。

Your coming made us happy.

Your father’s cooking is very good.

注意

动名词表示的动作通常是一个泛指的动作,

不定式则通常表示具体的动作。

如：

还是个孩子的时某某, 她就觉得探视病人是

一种责任, 也是一种愉悦。

As a child, she felt that visiting sick people

was a duty and a pleasure．

动名词与不定式做主语时的比较：

Doing nothing is doing ill．

一直不做就是作恶。

He said, “To go on like this is useless .”

他说: “继续这样下去是无用的。”

It’s an honor for me to be invited to the

party.

我很荣幸被邀请参加这个晚会。

It +be +a waste of time doing

做XXXXXXXXXX是浪费时间的

It is/was no good/use doing

做XXXXXXXXXX是没用处的

It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing

做XXXXXXXXXX不值得

It is/was worth/worthwhile doing

做XXXXXXXXXX是值得的

There is no doing...

无法XXXXXXXXXX; 不允许XXXXXXXXXX

常用-ing形式作主语的句型

There is no sense in doing

做XXXXXXXXXX没有道理

There is/was no use doing

干XXXXXXXXXX无意义

There is/was nothing worse than doing

没有比XXXXXXXXXX更糟的

There is/was no point doing

干XXXXXXXXXX无意义

完成句子

1. 玩火危险。

_______________ is dangerous.

2. 和他不能开玩笑。

There is ___________ with him.

3. 这份工作值得一做。

The job ___________________ .

4. 见到你是一件非常高兴的事。

__________ has been a great pleasure.

Playing with fire

no joking

is worth doing

Meeting you

1.只能后接动名词作宾语的动词, 常见的有

avoid, consider, enjoy, keep, finish, suggest,

dislike, delay, escape, cannot help, imagine,

mind, miss, practise, cannot stand等。

如：

I can’t avoid going．

Have you considered looking for one

special friend?

作宾语

我们必须设法避免犯同样的错误。

We must try to avoid repeating the same mistake．

晚饭后你想和我一起散步吗?

Do you feel like having a walk with me after

supper?

人们忍不住嘲笑那个愚蠢的人。

People couldn’t help laughing foolish man．

这类动词还有: excuse, fancy, give up,

put off, risk, insist on, look forward, feel like等。

当 need, want, require, worth后面接动词-ing也可以表示被动。

Your hair wants cutting.　The floor requires washing.

That novel is not worth reading.

注意

1. I can’t imagine _____ that with them.

A. do?????????? B. to do

C. being done? ? D. doing

D

2. She looks forward every spring to

_____ the flower-lined garden.

A. visit B. paying a visit

C. walk in D. walking in

D

考 例

2. 既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词,

常见的有: begin, start, continue, like, love,

prefer, by, mean, forget，remember, hate等。

在 like, love, hate, prefer等动词之后，

用-ing或不定式意义上没有什么不同, 只是侧重

点有些不同, 动名词表示泛指的动作,

不定式表示具体的一次性动作。

在 begin/start, continue之后, 用动名词和

不定式, 意义无甚区别, 尤其是当主语是人的

时候。

在动词forget, remember, regret之后, 用

动名词与不定式意义不同。动名词表示动作

先于谓语发生,不定式表示后于谓语动作。如：

I remember posting the letter．

我记得我已把信寄了。

I’ll remember to post the letter．

我会记着去寄信的。

I shall never forget seeing the famous writer．

我永远不会忘记见到过那位著名作家。

Don’t forget to write to your mother．

不要忘了给你母亲写信。

I regret missing the report．

我真后悔没赶上那次报告会。

I regret to say I can’t take your advice．

我遗憾地告诉你我不能接受你的建议。

在try, mean 之后, 意义各不相同, 如 try to do

(设法), try doing (试试), mean to do (打算,

有意要做), mean doing (意思是, 意味着)。

如:We must try to get everything done in time．

我们必须设法及时把一切搞好。

Let’s try doing the working in some other way．

我们用别的方法做这工作试试。

I didn’t mean to make you angry．

我并不想叫你生气。

Your plan would mean spending hours．

你的计划意味着要花费几个小时。

go on doing 继续做一直在做的事;

go on to do 接着做另一件事。如：

Please go on doing the same exercise．

请接着做这同一个练习。

Please go on to do the other exercise．

请做另外一个练习。

stop doing 与 stop to do: Stop doing 停止做，

stop to do停下正在干的事去干另一件事。如:

We stopped talking．我们停止了交谈。

We stopped to talk．我们停了下来去谈话。

3. 动名词可与介词一起构成介词短语。

介词+动名词 如：

我们得想些法子改变人们的习惯。

We’ve got to think of ways of changing

people’s habits.

我向你道歉, 刚才对你那样生气。

I apologize for being so angry with you.

离开几年之后再回到你的家乡, 感觉有点怪。

After being away for several years, it is a

strange experience to return to the hometown.

动词+介词+动名词 如：

我坚持为这次出行带足需要的食物。

I insist on taking proper food for this trip．

同学们脸上没有笑容, 相反都做了怪脸。

Instead of smiling, each of them made a face．

下列短语中的to都是介词, 所以后面跟名词

或-ing形式: devote to, object to, pay attention to, get down to, lead to,

look forward to, stick to, be used to等。

I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.

我希望能尽快收到你的来信。

He devoted himself to creating a new super hydrid.

他致力于创造出一种新的超级水稻。

Let’s talk about our friends! Remember to use Verb-ing as much as possible.

XXXXXis his/her job every day.

He/She enjoys XXXXX

He/She is interested in XXXXX

He/She dreams of XXXXX

He/She hates XXXXX

XXXXXmakes him/her happy/sad.

He/She cares about XXXXX

Exercises

用括号内动词的正确形式填空。

It’s no good _______(try) to remember grammatical rules. You need to practice what you have learned.

2. The suspect (嫌疑犯) at last admitted ??________ (steal) the necklace.

3. __________(make) friends is a necessary par >>>>>>内容过长，仅展示头部和尾部部分文字预览，全文请查看图片预览。<<<<<< seems playing is his job every

day. Besides, he enjoys talking so much

that it seems that he never stops talking

until he goes to sleep. Maybe that is why

he is good at telling stories.

出国旅行是很激动人心的。

Travelling abroad is very exciting.

2. 在这儿等是没用的, 我们走吧。

It’s no use waiting here. Let’s go.

3. 我记得在哪里见过他。

I remember seeing her somewhere.

Translation

4. 我后悔没听你的劝告。

I regret not following your advice.

5. 帮助别人就是帮助你自己。

Helping others means helping yourself.

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