Unit 11 Friendship

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Unit 11 Friendship

句子类型

Types of sentences

并列结构

1. And 型

⑴ A and B 和，并且

Eg. Work hard and you’ll get good grades in your exam.

It was cold and wet that night.

⑵ not only A but (also) B; B as well as A 不但XXXXX而且

两个结构的侧重点不同not only XXXXXbut (also) 侧重后者，而as well as 侧重前者

She can not only sing but also dance.

She can dance as well as sing.

她不仅会唱歌而且会跳舞

⑶ neither A nor B 既不XXXXX也不XXXXX

Eg. The railway station is neither large nor modern.

2. But 型

But 表转折意义

Eg. He is short ,but he plays basketball very well.

3. Or 型

⑴ or 表示选择意义“或者”

Eg. Which country is larger, the United States or Canada?

⑵ or 表示否定条件“否则”

Eg. Listen carefully, or you will miss the main points.

⑶ eitherXXXXX or 或是XXXXX或是，不是XXXXX就是

Eg. You can take either this one or that one.

4. So 型

So 表示因果关系

Eg. I found a boy running after me, so I left.

注意：so 与 because 不能同时用于同一句中。

Because the earth moves round the sun, so we have four seasons.

( F )

Because the earth moves round the sun, we have four seasons.

The earth moves round the sun, so we have four seasons.

主语 宾语 表语 同位语

宾语从句

定义：在主从复合句中，由一个句子充当宾语，称为宾语从句。

主要句型结构

动词 + that引导的从句

常用动词有think, know, hear, hope, see, mean, believe, find, feel等。

连接词that引导表示陈述语气的宾语从句，在句中无词义，不担当句子成分，可省去。

Eg. We usually think (that) life should be fair.

He knew (that) a good education was his only way to success and independence.

2. 动词 + if 或whether

当从句表示选择时，用连词if或whether引导。

Eg. I want to know if/whether she likes the film.

I want to know ________ she likes the film or not.

whether

3. 动词 + wh- 疑问词引导的宾语从句

当从句表示疑问时，用相应的疑问代词或疑问副词来连接。

注意：宾语从句为陈述句语序

Eg. I don’t know what his new telephone number is.

Can you tell me how much the skirt is?

4. Be + 形容词 + that从句

常用形容词有sure, afraid, happy, surprised等。

Eg. He is happy that he has got an A for his English.

I am afraid that he won’t be chosen as a top student.

宾语从句的时态

⑴ 当主句中的谓语动词是现在或将来时态，从句中谓语不受主句的谓语的时态影响，可按所需使用任何时态。

Eg. I don’t understand how they did it.

I will ask him how to get to the station.

⑵ 当主句中的谓语动词是过去时态，从句中谓语动词应用过去的某个时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时等）。

Eg. He told me (that) he got to school last night.

She said (that) she had seen this film several times.

⑶ 若宾语从句表示的是客观真理，自然现象 ，科学真理等，从句的时态用一般现在时。

Eg. They said that the earth is bigger than the moon.

用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句

如宾语从句有自己的宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，而把宾语从句后置。

句型为：主语+谓语动词（find, think, feel, believe等）+it+宾补+that宾语从句

Eg: I think it necessary that we learn English well.

否定的转移

当主句的主语是第一人称，谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect等词时，如果宾语从句要表示否定意义，常把否定转移至主句表示，这叫做“否定的转移”。

Eg：I think (that) you are a lucky boy.

I don’t think (that) you are a lucky boy.[全文已结束，注意以上仅为全文的文字预览，不包含图片和表格以及排版]

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