周五语法1（句子成分）

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英语的基本成分有八种：

主语（subject） 位置：谓语之前

谓语（predicate） 位置：主语之后

宾语（object） 位置：介词或动词之后

定语（attribute） 位置：名词或代词之前或后

状语（adverbial） 位置：句前或句后（常用）

宾补（complement）位置：宾语之后

表语（predicative） 位置：系动词或半系动词后

同位语（appositive）位置：名词或代词之后

句子的成分

一、谓语：

谓语由动词充当，是一个句子的核心成分，说明主语所作的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语的构成如下：

1）简单谓语：由一个动词或系动词或动词短语构成。如：

1. He reads newspapers every day.

2. We are students. 3. Your idea sounds great.

2）复合谓语：由情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成。如：

1. You may keep the book for two weeks.

2. He has caught a bad cold.

3. I have been waiting for you all the time.

***进行时是be + doing, 不要把be遗忘了。

It raining heavily. XXXXX

It was/is raining heavily. √

二、主语

主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首,通常由名词性的词来充当。可由1.名词、2.代词、3.数词、4.名词化的形容词（如the rich）5.不定式、6.动名词、7.主语从句等表示。如：

1. American country music has become popular. (名词)

2. We often speak English in class.（代词）

3. One-third of the students are girls. （数词）

4. To swim in the river is a great pleasure. （不定式）

5. Smoking does harm to the health. （动名词）

6. The rich should help the poor. （名词化的形容词）

单句改错：

1. He must comes.

2. I will to go to Beijing tomorrow.

3. They planting trees on the farm now.

4. He is go swimming with John.

go改成going

加are

第一个to去掉

comes--- come

三、表语：

表语多是形容词，用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。如：

1. He has become a teacher.（名词）

3. Is it yours?（代词）

4. The weather has turned cold.（形容词）

5. The speech seems exciting.（分词）

6. Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）

7. His job is to teach English.（不定式）

四、宾语：

宾语由名词性的词充当,表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。

宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语,分别构成动宾结构和介词结构。如：

1. They planted many trees yesterday.（名词）

2. The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.（代词）

3. (How many dictionaries do you have?) I have five.（数词）

4. They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）

五、宾语补足语：

英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。宾语补足语和宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，放于宾语之后。换句话说，在意思上，宾语相当于宾补的主语。

带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等）+宾语+宾补。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。如：

1. His father named him Dongming.（名词）

2. They painted their boat white.（形容词）

3. Let the fresh air in.（副词）

六、定语：

定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子。定语通常位于被修饰的名词或代词之前或者之后。若修饰some, any, every, no构成的复合不定代词时，（如：something、nothing）,定语通常置后。

I have something important to tell you

2. People there are very friendly.

3. There is nothing interesting in the book.

4. The boy crying over there is my classmate.

5. The green apple is not delicious.

七、状语

修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子, 说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫作状语。可由以下形式表示：

He writes carefully. (写地认真，修饰动词用副词)

This material is environmentally friendly.（修饰形容词用副词）

Unfortunately, he lost all of his money. （修饰整个句子用副词）

In the morning, he always got up early.

He is studying in Harvard University.

八、同位语

同位语是在名词或代词之后的结构，对前者加以解释说明，通常与前面的名词或者代词指代同一人或者事。如：

We students should study hard. (students是we的同位语，都是指同一批‘学生’）

We all are students. (all是we的同位语，都指同样的‘我们’）

It’s good to us students. (students是us的同位语)

一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：

1. The students got on the school bus.

2. He handed me the newspaper.

3. I shall answer your question after class.

4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!

5. They went hunting together early in the morning.

6. His job is to train swimmers.

7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.

8. There is going to be an American film tonight.

9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.

10. His wish is to become a scientist.

11. He managed to finish the work in time.

12. Tom came to ask me for advice.

13. He found it important to master English.

14. Do you have anything else to say?

15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.

16. Would you please tell me your address?

17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.

18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.

19. He noticed a man enter the room.

20. The apples tasted sweet.[全文已结束，注意以上仅为全文的文字预览，不包含图片和表格以及排版]

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