虚拟课件1

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Grammar

The Subjunctive Mood

虚拟语气在宾语 从句中的用法

Part1

1. 在wish后宾语从句中的用法

（1）表示对现在情况的虚拟：从句动词用过去式.（be动词一般用were）。

I wish I were as tall as you.

I wish I were a bird.

（2）表示对过去情况的虚拟：从句动词常用“had＋过去分词”。

I wish / wished I hadn’t

eaten so much watermelon yesterday.

（3）表示对将来的主观愿望：从句动词形式为 “would＋动词原形”。

I wish it would rain tomorrow.

Summary

wish (that) + subject + past perfect（与过去事实相反）

wish (that) + subject + a past tense（与现在事实相反）

wish (that)+ subject + would/could/might (与将来事实相反)

?

2.在(insist, order, command, suggest, advice, propose, ask, demand,request, require）等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“(should)＋动词原形”，表示建议、

要求、命令等。

注意：如果suggest 不表示建议，而表示“暗示，表明”时，不用虚拟语气。Eg

Your pale face suggests that you are ill.

Your pale face suggests that you should be ill.

(T)

(F)

3.在主语＋would (had) rather ＋that 宾语从句中，从句谓语用过去式表示虚拟形式。

我倒希望他们和我一起去。

I would rather they went with me.

as if / as though

Part 2

虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法

He behaves as if he owned the house.

He talks about Rome as though he had been there himself .

由as if(as though) 引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时，从句谓语形式为动词的过去式（be用were）或“had＋过去分词”。

?

Summary

虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法。

主语从句是It’s necessary (natural, important, strange, surprising, better, a pity, no wonder) ＋that时， 谓语的虚拟形式用 （should）＋原形动词。

Part 3

1.高中学生掌握一门外语很有必要。

It is necessary that a high school student should master a foreign language.

2.我们说话要有礼貌，这是很重的。

It is important that we should speak politely.

Part 4 虚拟语气在if条件从句中的用法

1.真实条件句用于陈述语气,假设的情况可能发生,其中if是“如果”的意思

条件从句

一般现在时

主句

shall/will+动词原形

What will you do if it rains tomorrow?

I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow.

2.非真实条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的， 句中的条件从句与结果主句皆用虚拟语气。

What would you do if you won the lottery?

If I won the lottery,

I wouldXXXXX

If I won the lottery,

I would buy an expensive car.

If I had a lot of money,

I would buy a villa.

If it were fine now,

I would go shopping.

If I were a teacher, IXXXXX.

If I ____________time last night,

I ________________ to see the

film with you .

had had

would have gone

If he more carefully,

he the car

accident yesterday.

had driven

would not have had

If he had gotten up early,

he would have been here on time yesterday.

真实条件句

非真实条 件句（ 现在）　

非真实条件句（过去）

非真实条件句

（将来）

if XXXXXdoesXXXXX will doXXXXX

ifXXXXXdidXXXXX would doXXXXX

ifXXXXXhad doneXXXXX

would have doneXXXXX

ifXXXXXdid /should do, were to do /XXXXX would doXXXXX

If the staff had been more careful, the mall would not be on fire now.

If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.

主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间这时主从句位于动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同, 这叫做混合虚拟.

注意：

动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。

1.如果他早点出发，他现在已到家了。

If he had set out earlier, he would be at home now. (从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在)

2.假如你接受了我的意见，你现在就会好的多。

If you had taken my advice you would be much better now.

结论: 从句与过去事实相反,

主句与现在事实相反.

虚拟语气的常用句型

Part 5

1、在It is (high) time (that)XXXXX的句型中，定语从句的虚拟形式常用过去式或should＋动词原形（should不能省略），表示“现在该XXXXXXXXXX”

我们该走了。

It is time we left/should leave.

2、if onlyXXXXX表示一种假设情况，意思是“要是XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX就好了”，相当于主语＋wish。

1) 要是今天是星期天就好了。

If only it were Sunday today.

2) 要是他幽默点就了。

If only he had a sense of humor.

Summary：

1、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法

2、虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法

3、虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法

4、虚拟语气在if条件句中的用法

5、虚拟语气的常用句型

Thank you!

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