unit 4 book 1 定语从句 陈某某

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英语基础知识

定语从句

I. 什么是定语；定语从句：修饰名词或者代词的语言单位叫定语；定语可以是词、词组，做定语的句子就叫定语从句。

eg: You are the right person (that) I am looking for.

此例句中的被定语从句修饰的名词person叫先行词。that叫关系（代）词，引导定语从句的关系词同时具有三个作用：

1）代替先行词（that代替person）

2）引导定语从句（I am looking for ）

3）在定语从句中充当一个句子成分(宾语)。

II. 关系词：引导定语从句的词。

关系代词：

指代物：which that as

指代人：that who whom （仅作宾语） as

关系代词在定语从句中主要充当主语、宾语和表语。关系副词： why when where

关系副词在从句中主要充当状语。

关系代词：whose 相当于形容词性，表示“谁的”即可代替人，又可代替物。在从句中必须与名词一起充当一个句子成分，即whose +名词。

关系词的选择取决于从句的句子结构和句子成分.

III. 关系词的用法：

1. 当定语从句缺主、宾、表语时，首选that

除非：

1). 非限制性从句（从句前有逗号）

2). 定语从句介词提前时，即：介词+which(先行词是物)，介词+whom（先行词是人）。

3). 必须用as引导的定语从句。如以下句型中：

(1). Many of the sports were the same as they are now.

(2). Let children read such books as will make them better and wiser.

As we all know, XXXXX

As is well known, XXXXX

As is said above, XXXXX

As is given, XXXXX

As is shown, XXXXX

As often happens, XXXXX

4). 必须用whose+名词的定语从句

1. That house, _______ walls are almost red, is very old.

A. whose B. of which C. in which D. on which

2. He is the boy whose name is Tom.

whose+名词=the 名词+of which(物); the 名词+of whom(人)。 上句1中的whose walls=the walls of which; 2中的whose name=the name of whom

5). 先行词是代词those且指人时，关系词常用who.

Those who dare not admit their mistakes are really cowards.

2. 如果定语从句缺少时间状语，则用when，缺少地点状语用where，缺少原因状语用why。

当先行词是point, case, stage, system, activity, 等,且定语从句中的关系词在从句中作状语时,该关系代词用where引导.

是occasion时，用when.

IV. 定语从句的主谓一致

1、先行词的单某某决定定语从句谓语的单某某。

2、当先行词是the only one of+名词复数时，定语从句谓语用单数。

Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who ____ evening dress.

A. wear B. wears C. has worn D. have worn

2. The wolves hid themselves in the places __________ couldn’t be found.

A. that B. where C. in which D. in that

1. That tree, __________ branches are almost bare, is very old.

A. whose B. of which

C. in which D. on which

3. He failed in the examination, __________ made his father very angry.

A. which B. it C. that D. what

4. We’re talking about the piano and the pianist __________ were in the concert we attended last night.

A. which B. whom C. who D. that

5. Those __________ not only from books but also through practice will succeed.

A. learn B. who

C. that learns D. who learn

exercise

1. Is this the factory ___you visited the other day?

A. that B. where C. in which D. the one

2. Is this factory ____ some foreign friends visited last Friday?

A. that B. where C. which D. the one

4. The freezing point is the temperature __________ water changes into ice.

A. at which B. on that

C. in which D. of what

5. I’ll tell you ______ he told me last week.

A. all which B. that C. all that D. which

6. I have bought the same dress ______she is wearing.

A. as B. that C. which D. what

9. The girl __________ an English song in the next room is Tom’s sister.

A. who is singing B. is singing

C. sang D. was singing

11. Anyone _ this opinion may speak out.

A. that againsts B. that against

C. who is against D. who are against

12. Didn’t you see the man __________?

A. I nodded just now

B. whom I nodded just now

C. I nodded to him just now

D. I nodded to just now

13. We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, ____ live my grandparents and some relatives.

A. which B. that C. who D. where

14. He is not _______ a fool ________.

A. such, as he is looked

B. such, as he looks

C. as, as he is looked

D. so, as he looks

15. Is that the reason __________ you are in favour of the proposal?

which B. what C. why D. for that

16. He has two sons, __________ work as chemists.

A. two of whom B. both of whom

C. both of which D. all of whom

17. I, __________ your good friend, will try my best to help you out.

who is B. who am C. that is D. what is

18. He is a man of great experience, __________ much can be learned.

who B. that

C. from which D. from whom

19. I don’t like ________ you speak to her.

A. the way B. the way in that

C. the way which D. the way of which

20. I have many books, some of _________ are on chemistry.

A. them B. that C. which D. those

21.Can you lend me the novel _____ the other day?

A. that you talked

B. you talked about it

C. which you talked with

D. you talked about

22. There is only one thing ____ I can do.

A. what B. that C. all D. which

23. Who can think of a situation ______ this idiom can be used?

which B. that C. where D. in that

24. They were interested ___ you told them.

in which B. in that

C. all that D. in everything

25. I like the second football match ______ was held last week.

which B. who C. that D. /

26. Do you still remember the day _____ we first met?

A. that B. when C. what D. on that

27. He is the most careful boy _____ I know.

A. what B. which C. as D. ./

28. This is the school _____ Mr. Smith once taught.

A. in that B. when C. where D. there

29. Have you visited the house _____ the famous scientist was born?

A. where B. in that C. that D. which

30. The factory _____ Mr. Li used to work was closed last week.

A. when B. where C. that D. which

31. We are living in an age ______ many things are done on computers.

A. which B. that C. whose D. when

32. ______ has been announced, we shall have our final exams next month.

A. That B. As C. It D. What

33. Is this the reason ______ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?

A. he explained B. what he explained

C. how he explained D. why he explained

34. He made another wonderful discovery, _____ of great importance to science.

A. which I think is B. which I think it is

C. which I think it D. I think which is

35. All ______ is a continuous supply of fuel oil.

A. what is needed B. that is needed C. which is needed D. is needed

Thank you!

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