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定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。(以分词、介词短语为例）
例： The girl behind the tree is Kate.
The man driving too fast was drunk.
定语从句
在英语中，修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。
例：The girl who is behind the tree is Kate.
The man who was driving too fast was drunk.
The man who lives next to us is a
policeman.
先行词
______
________________
关系词
___
定语从句
关系词
关系代词: that, which, who, whom, whose
关系副词: when, where, why
关系代词如何引导定语从句
普通代词与关系代词的区别
I have a sister.She works in Shanghai.
代替 sister
普通代词：只起代替的作用（如上例she)
I have a sister who/that works in Shanghai.
关系代词： （如上例who/which）
1.代替先行词; 2.它还在定语从句中担任一定的成分; 3. 同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句。 （把主句和从句连起来）
The building is our school.
The building stands by the river.
关系代词的使用取决于先行词，它们的关系非常密切，因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的 人称、数必须和先行词一致。
The building which/that stands by the river is our
school. 定语从句
which/that 是关系代词，它在从句中代替先行词the building, 同时担任从句中的主语，也起连词的作用，把两个简单句连接 起来。
关系词判 断 步 骤 :
首先，要看先行词。 如果先行词是指人,关系代词
可用 who,that,whom,whose。如果先行词指物,关系
代词可用which或that;whose
然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表
最后，定语从句谓语动词和先行词一致.
注:定语从句的时态不受主句的限制。
The woman who/that spoke at the meeting yesterday is my mother.
关系代词
1.who指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）
The man( that/whom/who) I talked with is our teacher.
A person who/that steals things is called a thief.
2.whom指人,作宾语 (作宾语可省略,如
介词提前则不能省)
The man (whom/who/that) I talked to is Mr. Li.
The man to whom I talked is Mr. Li.
? The boy is Tom. The boy is smiling.
The boy who is smiling is Tom.
(主语)
? The boy is Tom. He sits in front of me.
The boy who sits in front of me is Tom.
? The man is kind. Everyone likes him.
The man (who) everyone likes is kind.
(宾语)
? The woman got the job.
We saw her on the street.
The woman (whom) we saw on the street got the job.
3.whose 是代词的所有格形式, 它既可以代人也可以代物。
Please show me the book .
Its cover is red.
Please show me the book whose cover is red.
I saw a woman . Her bag was stolen .
I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.
先行词与从句的主语构成从属关系
= of which the door
= the door of which
They live in a house whose door is blue.
eg: 他们住在一间门是兰色的房子里。
= of whom the daughter
= the daughter of whom
eg: He is the lawyer whose daughter went abroad.
4.which 指物，作主语或宾语 (作宾
语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)
These are the trees which/that were planted last year.
The TV set (which/that) he bought yesterday is made in Japan.
Is this the library (which/that) you borrow books from?
Is this the library from which you
borrow books?
He is the man (that) I told you about.
5.that 指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。
A plane is a machine that can fly.
that
This is a dream.
The dream will never come true.
This is a dream which/that will never come true.
The dog has been found.
The dog was lost.
The dog which/that was lost has been found.
which / that 作主语. (不能省)
（作主语）
which / that 作宾语 ： （可省略）
This is the card.
I’ve just received the card.
This is the card which/that I’ve just received.
( )
（作宾语）
(1) The scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday.
The scientist ?/who/whom/that we met yesterday is very famous in the world.
(2) The dress is new. She is wearing it.
The dress that she is wearing is new.
which
?
(3) He is the kind person.
I have ever worked with him.
(4) This is the best film. I have ever seen this film.
He is the kind person that /whom/who/? I have ever worked with.
This is the best film that /? I have ever seen.
1)This is the hero( who/whom) we are proud of. This is the hero of whom we are proud .
This is the hero(that/who/whom) we are proud of .
2)The room (that) I live in is very big.
The room (which) I live in is very big.
The room in which I live is very big.
关系代词与介词: 介词放在关系代词的前面时,介词宾语只能用which代物, whom代人。(介词在末尾时,关系词可以省略)
在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。如：
This is the watch (that/ which) I am looking for.
The babies (who/ whom/ that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy.
4. 含介词的固定搭配动词短语的使用
介词加which结构
China has hundreds of islands, the largest _____which isTaiwan.
of
He is the person_____whom you will write.
to
_____whom the book was written.
by
_____whom I learnt a lot.
from
_____whom I can turn for help.
to
(turn to sb. for help)
____whom I worked in the factory.
with
_____ which there are few new words.
_____which they are talking.
_____ which I learned a lot.
_____which I paid 8 yuan.
This is the book
_____which I spent 8 yuan.
on
for
from
in
有时只能用 that , 不用 which, 常见的情况有六种：
当先行词是 all, any, few, little, none,
anything, everything, nothing , everybody,
nobody, everyone, no one 等不定代词时。
That’s all that I know.
Is there anything that I can do for you?
2.先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little,
much等修饰时。
I’ve read all the books that are not mine.
3. 当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时
That is the most interesting book that I have ever read.
The first thing that I should do is to review my lessons.
4. 当先行词有the very, the only, the last等修饰时。
That’s the only thing that I can do now.
These are the very words that he used.
5.当主句是以which, who开头的特殊疑问句时，用that避免产生歧义或重复。
Who is the girl that spoke to you just now?
Which is the pen that you lost ?
6. 先行词同时包括人或物时，关系词用that.
The man and his dog that I always meet are standing by the gate.
that和who都可以指人，但下面两种情况，多用who。
(2)用who不用that的情况
①先行词为all, anyone, one, ones等时。如：
All who heard the news were excited.
②先行词为those, he和people时。如：
Those who want to go please sign your names here.
He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
单项选择。
1. This is the job ______they laughed at.
A.which B.as C.it D.who
2. Beihai Park is a beautiful park____built about 300 years ago.
A.where was B.that were C.which was D.where
3. Who was the grey-haired man ______at yesterday’s meeting?
A.we saw him B.we saw C.we saw who D.she was seen
4. The man ______is painting the house is my uncle.
A.he B.whom C.whose D.who
5. What is the animal ______baby is sleeping in its pocket?
A.who B.whose C.its D.which
A
C
B
D
B
6. This book is for the students ______native language isn’t English.
A.that B.of whom C.whose D.who’s
7. The robbers shouted, “Hands up!I’ll shoot anyone ______moves!”
A.whom B.that C.who D.whose
8.The dictionary_____he paid 50 yuan for is very useful.
A.which B.for which
C.on which D.about which
9The boy_____parents >>>>>>内容过长，仅展示头部和尾部部分文字预览，全文请查看图片预览。<<<<<< Watch the girl and her dog _____ are crossing the bridge!
which B. who
C. they D. that
D
Exercise
2. He is the only one of the three _____ got the new idea.
A. who have
B. whom have
C. who has
D. whose had
3. In the school there are one
thousand students, and 45% of _____ are girls.
A. which B. those
C. whom D. them
THE END
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