Unit2English around the world

以下为《Unit2English around the world》的无排版文字预览，完整格式请下载

下载前请仔细阅读文字预览以及下方图片预览。图片预览是什么样的，下载的文档就是什么样的。

Unit 2

**_* 秦某某

Warming up

What is the difference between

a navigator and an explorer?

Navigator

sea

nautical instruments

find new islands or continents

Navigator is somebody who finds the position and plots the course of a ship using maps and instruments.

Explorer

land

use of compass and landmarks

find new places within an already identified island or continent

Explorer is somebody who travels into or through a place in order to learn about it.

Very often navigators are also explorers.

In the year between 1405 and 1433, seven large treasure fleets sailed westwards on voyages of trade and exploration. Under the command of Zheng He, the fleets set sail from the South China Sea across the Indian Ocean to the Red Sea, and then traveled further south, discovering the eastern coast of Africa.

He renewed relations with the Kingdoms of the East African coast. One African king sent the Ming emperor a royal present: two giraffes.

About 700 years ago a young trader from Italy took a long trip to Cathay. Cathay is known as China today. He went with his father and uncle, who had traveled there once before. They stayed in China for about two decades. The young man's name was Marco Polo. He was liked by the leader in China at the time.

He knew four languages and traveled around the kingdom for the leader. When Marco Polo returned to Italy, he dictated his story to a writer. He told of the Chinese postal system, paper money, and the use of coal as fuel.

James Cook

James Cook (1728-1779) was the greatest Britain navigator. Cook enlisted in the Royal Navy in 1755. In 1768 he was promoted and sent to the Pacific where he surveyed Tahiti, New Zealand, and Australia. On his famous second expedition (1772-1775) he explored Antarctica. In 1776 he undertook his third and final voyage in which he explored

the West Coast of North America and tried to locate a passage between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.

On this voyage he discovered the Hawaiian Islands, and sailed up the coast of North America through the Bering Straits to the Arctic Ocean. On his return he was killed by Hawaiian islanders.

1.navigator n. 导航者,领航员

navigate vi. 航行, 航海, 航空

vt. 航行于, 驾驶, 操纵, 使通过

They navigated with difficulty through

the crowd.

他们在人群中坚难行进。

navigation n. 航海，航行

navigational adj. 航海的，航行的

Reading

Listen to the tape

compass

astrolabe

The astrolabe measures the height and position of the sun. If you can measure this accurately, a sailor can tell how many degrees the boat is from the North Pole. From this he can tell where the boat is in the ocean.

sextant

The sextant is a navigational instrument for measuring the angle between the horizon and some object in the sky.

quadrant

nautical chart

Nautical charts are maps of the depth of the sea and the currents of the oceans. They provide modern sailors with routes through the seas, rather like roads through the countryside. The information began to be collected in the nineteenth century and has continued to be updated ever since.

Reading

Comprehension

Comprehending

1. Read the passage and answer the following questions.

What is the use of a bearing circle,

astrolabe, quadrant or sextant? ( )

What is the use of a compass? ( )

A. To set the course of the ship

B. To measure the position of the ship

C. To measure the speed of the ship

D. To tell the time

A

B

4. Read the passage again and use the information to analyse the navigational skills.

1. To find the ship’s position at sea a sailor used the North Star and the sun.

2. A sailor knew that land was nearby if he saw _________________________________

_______________________.

3. Sailors used ________________________

________to increase their speed.

fresh seaweed, nesting birds returning home in the evening or fog

sea currents or tides and winds

Sextant:

an updated version of the quadrant and so it was more accurate, to measure the angle between two fixed points outside the ship (using two mirrors to find the ship's position).

1. How do you think seamen found their way before modern accurate methods of navigation were invented?

在现代精确的导航法尚未发明之前, 你认为航海员是怎样探路的?

①这是一个“特殊疑问词+do you thinkXXXXX” 的双重疑问句结构。除think以外believe，guess, suppose等词也可以用于此结构。

What do you suppose has happened to him?

在I think／believe／guess／suppose/ imagine等词的句式中，如果从句有否定，否定词应该前移，即否定转移。

I don’t think he will come．

I think he will not come．

[正]

[误]

1. I believe he is an honest man,____________

2. We don’t think Tom has broken the regulations,_______

3. Mary guessed his father must have bought her a beautiful shirt,______

Isn’t he?

has he?

didn’t she

② invent vt．发明，创作；虚构，杜撰

Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876.

1876年阿历山大XXXXX格雷厄姆XXXXX贝尔发明了电话。

The whole story was invented.

整个故事是虚构的。

inventor n．发明者，发明家，创造者

invention n．发明，创造；发明物

discover：

invent：

Gilbert ___________electricity, but Edison _________the electric light bulb.

Who _____________America?

Who _____________the computer?

客观存在，被人发现

客观没有，被人发明

discovered

invented

discovered

invented

吉尔伯特发现了电，爱迪生发明了电灯。

谁发现了美洲？

谁发明了电脑？

2. work out

① to calculate an answer, amount, price, or value 计算

② to think about sth. and manage to understand it 设法弄懂

③ to think carefully about how you are going to do sth. and plan a good way of doing it 精心制定出，安排

eg.

⑴ See if you can work out this bill .

⑵ The plot is so complicated that it’ll

take you a while to work it out.

计算

弄明白

⑶ I can’t work out Geoff ; one day he’s friendly ,the next day he ignores me completely.

⑷ I haven’t worked out who’s gong to look after the kids tonight.

明白

计划

3. latitude

Our position is latitude 40 degrees north.

我们的位置是北纬40度。

4. longitude

Our position is longitude 116 degrees east.

我们的位置是东经116度。

5. identify

vt.把XXXXX等同于;认出,鉴定, 认为同一

I identified the jacket at once；it was my brother’s．

He identifies beauty with goodness．

identify oneself with 与XXXXXXXXXX有联系,支持

He preferred not to identify himself with that group.

identification

n. 辨认, 鉴定, 证明, 视为同一

identity n.　　

同一性, 身份, 一致, 特性, 恒等式

identity card 身份证

1. We may well wonder how seamen explored the oceans before latitude and longitude made it possible to plot a ship’s position on a map.

在经纬度未能绘出航船在地图上的位置之前，我们很想知道航海员是怎样在海上探险的。

Page 1

① may/might well 很可能，极有可能

These are excellent photographs and we may well use them in our magazine.

这些是很不错的照片，我们很有可能把它们用在我们的杂志上。

You might well find that you’ll need more by the weekend.

到周末你很可能会发现你需要更多东西。

② 主语+think／feel／make／considerXXXXX+it +n.／adj.+ for／of sb. to doXXXXX

其中it为形式宾语，for／of引出动词不定式的逻辑主语。

我认为学好英语对他很重要。

我已经表明我反对这个计划。

I think it important for him to learn English well．

I have made it clear that I object to the plan.

2. The voyages of travelers before the 17th century show that they were not at the mercy of the sea even though they did not have modern navigational aids.

17世纪前的海上航行表明，即使没有现代航海术的帮助，旅行者也没有受大海的支配。

①　voyage n./ vi. 航海, 航行

The voyage from England to India used to take six months.

过去从英国航行到印度要六个月。

go on/make/take a sea voyage

去航海旅行

voyager n.

航行者, 航海者

trip 指休闲或因商的短途旅行

journey 指从一地出发直达目的地的长途陆路旅行或旅程，不含回到原出发点之意。

travel 常指到国外或某个遥远的地方去，不强调具体目的地。指具体的旅行时常用复数，用单数一般表示旅行的抽象概念。

trip, journey, travel, voyage, tour

voyage 强调较远距离的水上或空中旅行或游历。

tour 指周游或巡回旅行，常常是访问一系列地方 >>>>>>内容过长，仅展示头部和尾部部分文字预览，全文请查看图片预览。<<<<<< .安全，保安，保护

Security was tight during the President’s visit.

总统来访期间，保安工作十分严密。

For security reasons the visitors were searched.

为了安全起见，来宾受到了检查。

2. no/not/never XXXXX untilXXXXX

直到XXXXXXXXXX才

---Was his father very strict with him

when he was at school?

---Yes. He had never praised him _____

he became one of the top students

in his grade. (03 北京春)

A. after B. unless

C. until D. when

Too much today!Have a rest!

~~Good bye~~[文章尾部最后500字内容到此结束,中间部分内容请查看底下的图片预览]

以上为《Unit2English around the world》的无排版文字预览，完整格式请下载

下载前请仔细阅读上面文字预览以及下方图片预览。图片预览是什么样的，下载的文档就是什么样的。