动词不定式

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NON-FINITE （非谓语动词）

The infinitive (动词不定式）

非谓语动词(non-finite)的类型:

Infinitive 不定式

Gerund 动名词

Participle 分词

Non-finite

1. 作主语

2. 作表语

3. 作宾语

4. 作宾语补足语

5. 作定语

6. 作状语

不定式在句中承担的成分:

(1). 主语 Subject

不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,

用it作形式主语.

To get enough sleep at night is important.

It____________________________________.

It is adj. (for sb) to do sth.

It is + a pleasure/an honor/a pity to do.

It takes sb +time to do.

is important to get enough sleep at night

1.吸烟对你来说是不好的。

It is not good for you to smoke.

2.和你一起共进晚餐很愉快。

It is a pleasure to have dinner with you.

It only took two years to complete the project.

3.完成这项工程只花了二年时间。

巩固练习1

(2). 表语 Predicative

My job

is

Your task ______________(努力学习).

is to study hard

To see is to believe.

to teach you English.

These days everyone wants to get rich fast.

(3) 宾语 Object

常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有:

fail, happen, mean, wish, hope, decide, refuse, offer, learn, agree，etc.

+ to do

Non-finite

like to do

manage to do

think consider

find

make

feel

形式宾语

4.我希望很快收到你的信。

I hope to hear from you soon.

5.我决定不留下来。

I decided not to stay.

6.学生们认为玩电脑游戏很有趣。

Students thought______________________.

7.她觉得没有没有必要和他辩论。

She thought it unnecessary to argue with him.

it interesting to play

computer games.

it + adj.+ to do

巩固练习2

The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.

(4). 宾补 Complement

五看

watch

see

look at

observe

notice

三使

let

make

have

二听

listen to

hear

一感觉:

feel

当遇到下列动词时,不定式省略to:

allow, cause, ask, advise, expect, force, permit,

persuade, tell, want, warn, teach等.

Non-finite

医生建议他去南方.

The doctor advised him to go to the south.

+ sb to do

I made him do his work.

He ______________________by me.

See sb do sth

---

sb be seen to do

He was seen ___ from the tree and get hurt.

fall B. to fall C. falling D. fallen

改错: He was heard talk to his mother for

an hour.

to talk

was made to do his work

(5). 定语 Attributive

(如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,

则不定式中要有介词.)

He is looking for__________.（一间可以住的房子）

There is nothing___________.

*我想要几本书在旅途中看。

I’d like________________________________.

a few books to read during the journey

---What do you think of the school?

---It is a very good _____.

A. school to study in B. school for children to study

C. studying school D. school to study

to worry about

The topics to be discussed at tomorrow’s meeting is concerned about the Olympics 2008.

（没有什么可担心的）

a room to live in

I came here to see you.

He got up early to catch the train.

(6) 状语 Adverbial

in order to , so as to ,

1.表目的

2.表原因

We were very excited to hear the news.

3.表结果

This room is big enough to hold us.

enoughXXXXXto, tooXXXXXto, only to, etc.

He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own

feet.

Non-finite

1.____ late in the morning , Bob turned off the alarm.

A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept

巩固练习2

翻译：1935年,他离开家再也没回来。

In 1935 he left home never to return.

1.To see you is glad.

=It’s glad to see you.

2.I want to see you.

3.I want him to see you.

4.My hope is to see you.

5.He is the man to see you.

6.I’m glad to see you.

7.I went to see you.

8.He went so early as to see you

9. To tell you the truth, I don’t agree with you.

10. How to solve this problem is very important.

（作主语）

(作宾语）

（作宾补）

(作表语）

（作定语）

（作原因状语）

（作目的状语）

（作结果状语）

独立成分

和疑问词连用

Tense and Voice （时态与语态）

to be doing

to have done

to have been

done

----------

to have been

doing

----------

(1).They pretended not to see us.

(2). He pretended to be sleeping.

(3).She pretended to have known it before.

(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/发生在它之后.)

(在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行)

(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前)

1.The boy pretended ____ when his mother

entered.

A. reading B. to read

C. to be reading D. being read

2. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears_____ everything.

A. to tell B. to be told

C. to be telling D. to have been told

巩固练习3

3. Charles Babbage is generally considered ____ the first computer

A. to invent B. inventing

C. to have invented D. having invented

4.The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth

_____ for him without delay.

A. to have woven B. to be woven

C. to be weaving D. to weave

who, which, when, how, what,whom,whether 等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。

我不知道是否要接受邀请。

I don’t know whether to accept the invitation or not.

(宾语)

How to solve the problem is very important.

(主语)

如何解决这个问题很重要。

我的问题是什么时候开始。

My question is when to start.

(表语)

Non-finite

不定式与疑问词连用:

关于省略

(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要

省略该动词.

e.g.: Would you like to go with me ?

(2). 不定式是to be 结构, be 不可省.

e.g.: Would you like to be a teacher?

A. I’d like to B.I’d like to go

Yes, _______.

Non-finite

A.I’d like to be. B. I’d like to.

Yes,______.

1. ---Did you get a job?

--- No, I ___ , but it’s no use.

A. expected B. tried to

C. managed to D. planned

2. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ____.

A. not to B. not to do

C. not do it D. do not to

巩固练习4

不定式用在介词but, except, besides后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to, 相反则带to.

(1). She could do nothing but ____ .(cry)

(2). I have no choice but____. (go)

(3).What do you like ____ besides____ . (do, sleep)

cry

to go

to do

sleep

Non-finite

(eat, give up, finish, explain, tell)

1.My teacher was made _______ his teaching because of poor health.

to give up

explaining/to be explained

to be finished

not to eat

3.We find it impossible for the work

　__________ ahead of time.

4.The patient was warned ______ oily food

after the operation.

2.The sentence wants________________

once more.

5.I meant _________ you about it, but I forgot to do so.

to have told

1. --I usually go there by train.

--Why not ____ by boat for a change?

A. to try going B. trying to go

C. to try and go D. try going

2.Rather than ___ on a crowded bus, he always prefers ____ a bicycle.

A. ride; ride B. riding; ride

C. ride; to ride D. to ride; riding

4. She can’t help ____ the house because she’s busy making a cake.

A. to clean B. cleaning

C. cleaned D. being cleaned

3. While shopping, people sometime can’t help ____ into buying something they don’t really need.

to pursue B. persuading

C. being persuaded D. be persuaded

5. Robert is said ____ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in.

to have studied B. to study

C. to be studying D. to have been studying

6. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ____ it more difficult.

not make B. not to make

C. not making D. don’t make

7. Having >>>>>>内容过长，仅展示头部和尾部部分文字预览，全文请查看图片预览。<<<<<< 如：I began to understand the truth．

*表示目的的不定式的否定式一般不用not to do,而用in order not to do或so as not to do。

如：(√)In order not to be seen, he came into the room through the window．

(XXXXX)Not to be seen, he came into the room through the window．

(√)He came into the room through the window so as not to be seen．

*so as to do一般不放在句首。

(√)He get up at five this morning so as to catch the early bus．

(X) So as to catch the early bus，he got up at five this morning．

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