动词不定式课件

以下为《动词不定式课件》的无排版文字预览，完整格式请下载

下载前请仔细阅读文字预览以及下方图片预览。图片预览是什么样的，下载的文档就是什么样的。

动词不定式的主要用法

一、动词不定式在句子中不能独立充当谓语, 没有人称和数的变化。

　二、动词不定式是由“to+动词原形”构成(有时可以不带to)。动词不定式的否定形式是“not+动词不定式”。

三、动词不定式短语具有名词、形容词和副词等的功能, 可在句中用做多种句子成分。

主语 宾语 表语 定语

状语 宾补 　

动 词 宾 语

此种情况可按固定搭配或句式去记。

例：would you like to see my photos?

Kevin planned to visit his uncle 类似用法的词还有:start, want, agree, hope, begin, decide, agree, love, like, hate, prefer等。

　I found it very difficult to get a job.

(it为形式宾语)

点击规律：

这些动词后面除接不定式外, 还可以接动名词, 意思区别不大。

提示板：like doing指经常性动作，而like to do指一次性的动作。

I like swimming，but I don‘t like to swim now．

我喜欢游泳, 但我现在不想游。

stop, forget, remember, go on, try等词或短语后面可以接不定式。

点击规律:上述动词后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。

提示板：

stop to do sth. :

停止一件事，去做另一件事。

stop doing sth. :停止正在做的事。

例如：

When the teacher came in, the students stopped talking；

当老师走进来时, 学生们停止说话；

when he came out, the students stopped to talk．

当老师走出去时, 学生们又开始说话。

2) 思考: forget, remember, go on，try等词或短语后面接不定式和动名词用法有何区别？

点击规律：在find／feel＋it＋adj．＋to do sth．句型中，it是形式宾语, 真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。

返回

如：

The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep．

I feel it easy to recite the text．

点击规律: 某些动词或短语后面既可以接动词不定式作宾语, 又可接动名词作宾语, 二者用法上的区别可以通过造句子加以区分, 如上页的stop例句。

表 语

放在连系动词be后面

例句: His wish is to become a scientist．

Our duty is to protect the environment.

The first important thing is to save the

soldiers’ lives. 当务之急是抢救战士们的生命。

点击规律: 动词不定式在句中作表语时, 通常对连系动词前面的名词进行诠释说明。

返回

定 语

动词不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词 、代词的后面。

例: He is the first person to sail around the world.

I have a lot of work to do．

The doctor said he could do nothing to help the boy．

点击规律: 动词不定式若在句中作定语, 常某某在被修饰的名词、代词之后。

返回

提示板: 如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系, 且动词是不及物动词, 切记不要忘掉后面的介词。如：

I have a small bedroom to live in．

Have you got some pens to write with？

作 状 语

a.目的状语: 放在go, come, use, live, in order等词后面.如：

I come to see you．

He runs fast in order to get there in time．

They brought in photos of their families for me to

look at

返回

b. 原因状语: 放在sorry, glad, surprised, disappointed，

excited等词后面。(有些资料上把这类称为不定式在表示心理、情感、评价等的形容词后, 对其进行补充说明, 作形容词补足语）如：

I am glad to see you here．

I am sorry to trouble you．

c. 作结果状语。如:

Some of the apples are hard to reach．

The room is large enough to hold 1000 people．

宾语补足语

(1)在多数复合宾语及物动词后要带to：

　tell, ask, want, order, teach, invite, warn, wish, help, get, wish, 等词后面常接不定式作宾补。

例: I asked a friend to read it to me．

　 I tell him not to go there by bus ．

　 Edison‘s mother taught him to read and write．

返回

(2) 在表示感觉、致使等意义的动词(see, watch, hear, feel, make, let, have, observe, notice, help等)后不带to 的不定式作宾补。如：

The boss makes them work 16 hours a day．

I heard her sing in the next room．

提示板: 若变成被动语态, 在上述结构中, 不定式符号to要加上。

如:

　They are made to work 16 hours a day by the boss．

　She was heard to sing in the next room．

“疑问词＋不定式”用法

不定式前可带what，who，which，where, when, how, whose, 等疑问词, 这种不定式短语在句中作宾语、宾语补足语、

主语等。

例: He didn’t tell me where to go. (直宾)

I don’t know what to say now.(宾语)

I don't know what to do next. (宾语）

He taught us how to use the computer．(宾语补足语)

返回

It's still a question how to get there．(主语)

在初中阶段还涉及到“不定式被动语态一般式(to be+过去分词)”

例: There are twenty more trees to be planted.

根据句意, 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。

1. It's time for us ____ (have) supper．

2. Would you like ____ (go) shopping with me？

3. It took us half an hour _______ (work) out the problem．

to go 主语

to go 宾语

to work

主语

4. He is old enough _____ (join) the army．

5. I feel strange _______ (have) a twin sister．

6. I am very glad _______ (meet) you here．

7．They prefer ______ (stay) at home rather than go out．

to join

结果状语

to have

形容词补足语(原)

to meet

形容词补足语(原)

to stay

宾语

8. We saw them_______ (come) into the room just now．

9. What he said made me_____ (feel) sorry．

10. I am sorry．I forgot_____ (tell) you the news．

11. His plan is _______ (spend) a few days in the mountains．

to come

宾补

to feel

宾补

to tell

宾语

to spend

表语

12. Have you got anything _____ (say)?

13. Have you decided which one ________ (choose)?

14. Do you know when______ (start)？

15. He is too weak ________ (carry) the big stone．

to say 定语

to choose

定语

to start

不定式短语作宾语

to carry

结果状语

THANK YOU

Hi, relax yourself![全文已结束，注意以上仅为全文的文字预览，不包含图片和表格以及排版]

以上为《动词不定式课件》的无排版文字预览，完整格式请下载

下载前请仔细阅读上面文字预览以及下方图片预览。图片预览是什么样的，下载的文档就是什么样的。