河间一中 朱苗苗语法

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the Infinitive

时态与语态

不定式

to do

to be done

to be doing

to have done

to have been

done

to have been

doing

----------

----------

否定式

not to do

1.He pretended _____________.

(没有看到我们)

2. She pretended _______________.

(正在睡觉)

3.He pretended ______________________.

(已经完成了作业)

not to see us

to be sleeping

to have finished his homework

4.The work needs ___________ by Sunday.

(做完)

to be done

5.She is said to ________________

(一直研究) on the problem for many years.

have been working

Marty says

XXXXX

2. I have learned to adapt to my disability.

3.Then I started to get weaker and weaker.

Have A L k

1.The doctors don’t know XXXXXso they don’t

know how to make me well.

(object)

Have A L k

4. Even after all the tests, no one could

give my disease a name, so it is difficult

to know what the future will be like.

5.Sometimes, I am too weak to go to school.

6.My ambition is to work in the computer

industry when I grow up.

Marty says

XXXXX

(subject)

(adverbial)

(predicative)

Have A L k

7. I have a lot of study to do as well,

especially after I have been sick for a while.

8. I have had to work hard

to live a normal life, but it has been worth it.

9. If I had the chance to say one thing to

healthy kids, it would be this:XXXXX

Marty says

XXXXX

(attribute)

(attribute)

(adverbial)

10. We must ask local government to give

financial assistance to disabled people.

(object complement)

1. 作主语

2. 作宾语

3. 作宾语补足语

4. 作定语

5. 作状语

6. 作表语

7. 作独立成分

Do you believe I can fly like a bird?

_______is to believe.

It’s impossible for humans _______________now.

To see

to fly like a bird

不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用it作形式主语.

(1) 不定式作主语

_____________ (是否留下) is not decided.

He didn’t know

___________(说什么).

与疑问词等连用作主语和宾语

what to say

Whether to stay

He likes ______________.

I find _______________________________

(多练习很必要) if he wants to win.

(2) 不定式作宾语

to play basketball

句型：think/ consider/ find it + adj.+ to do

it necessary (for him) to practise more

常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：

agree, afford, appear, attempt；

choose, dare, decide, demand, deserve,

determine,expect, fail, guarantee；

hesitate, hope, intend, learn, manage,

offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise；

refuse, seem, tend, threaten；

want, wish 等+ to do。

(3). 不定式作宾补

to keep still

The robber warned him ____________.

引导不定式作宾补的动词：

五看

watch

see

look at

observe

notice

三使

let

make

have

二听

listen to

hear

一感觉:

feel

warn, tell, allow, permit, forbid,help,

ask, force, order, want, wish, beg,

encourage, persuade, promise,advise等

+sb. to do sth.

+ sb. do

（省略to）

I made him do his work.

He was made to do his work .

变成被动，被省略的to 要还原。

(4).不定式作表语

to protect the world.

My ambition is ___________________.

It still remains ____ whether he will be allowed to take part in the Olympics.

A. seeing B. see

C. to see D. to be seen

D

I have something ______ ,

but my brother has a lot of homework_____,

so I am looking for someone __________.

(5).不定式作定语

不定式作定语时，

应某某在被修饰词的后面，

表示将来的动作。

to say

to do

to talk to

这使得很多学生找不到桌子吃饭.

It makes quite a few students unable to

find tables to sit at.

不定式作定语常与被修饰词构成动宾关系，此时

常用主动形式，如果是不及物动词，需加介词。

名词、代词前面有序数词，最高级或the only等修饰时，常用不定式作定语。

She is the first (student) to come to school.

她是第一个到校的。

--“Do you have any letters __,sir?

--- No, you may have a rest, Jane.

A) to type B) typed

C) to be typed D) for typing

C

I got up early to______________.

(6) 不定式作状语

in order to ,

so as to ,

enough to ,

only to ,

tooXXXXX.to.,

catch the train

(目的)

We were very excited _______________

(听到这个消息)．

English is _____________(容易学).

He is old enough ______________(上学)。

He hurried to the school _________________

(发现没人).

to hear the news

to go to school

(原因)

(结果)

easy to learn

to find nobody there

__________________ , I am not happy at the moment.

(7).独立结构

to be frank,

to be honest,

to tell the truth

to make it worse

to be short

To tell (you) the truth

(8) 不定式的省略

(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要

省略该动词.

-- Would you like to go with me ?

(2). 不定式是to be或to have done结构,

be和have不可省.

-- Would you like to be a teacher?

-- I’d like to.

-- I’d like to be.

-- Have you told Sarah about it?

-- Yes, but I'd like not to have.

(3). 主语中出现实义动词do的形式，表语中的

不定式符号to常某某。

All I can do is __________(在这等)

wait here

(4). 在but和except搭配不定式作宾语时，如果

出现实义动词do的形式，也常某某to。

I can do nothing but __________(在这等)

wait here

Exercise

高考链接

I like getting up very early in

summer. The morning air is so

good ______. （2008全国I卷）

A. to be breathed

B. to breathe

C. breathing

D. being breathed

2.  Did the book give the information you

needed?

 Yes. But _____ it, I had to read the

entire book. （2008北京卷）

A. to find B. find

C. to finding D. finding

3. I feel greatly honored ____ into their society. （2008北京卷）

A. to welcome B. welcoming

C. to be welcomed D. welcomed

4. _____ the project as planned, we’ll have

to work two more hours a day.

（2008湖南卷）

A. Completing B. Complete

C. Completed D. To complete

5. If there is a lot of work ___, I'm happy to

just keep on until it is finished.

(2008上海卷)  A. to do B. to be doing

C. done D. doing

6. When asked why he went there, he

said he was sent there _______ for a

space flight.（07江西卷）

A. training??????? B. being trained????

C. to have trained??D. to be trained

7. The children talked so loudly at dinner

table that I had to struggle _______.

（07浙江卷）

A. to be heard???B. to have heard?

C. hearing???? D. being heard

1. The patient was warned ____ oily food after the operation.

A. to eat not B.eating not

C. not to eat D.not eating

2. I would love ____ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.

A. to go B. to have gone

C. going D. having gone

3. Charles Babbage is generally considered ____the first computer.

A. to invent B. inventing

C. to have invented D. having invented

4. Little Jim should love ____ to the theatre this evening.

A. to be taken B. to take

C. being taken D. taking

5. ____ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm.

A. To sleep B. Sleeping

C. Sleep D. Having sleep

6. The teacher asked us ____ so much noise.

A. don’t make B. not make

C. not making D. not to make

7. Paul doesn’t have to be made ____. He always works hard.

A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning

9. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ____.

A. not to B. not to do C. not to ride D. do not to

10. Robert is said ____ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in. >>>>>>内容过长，仅展示头部和尾部部分文字预览，全文请查看图片预览。<<<<<< change?

to try to go B. try going

C. to try going D. try to go

B

D

B

11.___ a living, she had to work from

morning till night.

To make B. Made

C. Making D. To have made

12. I would rather starve to death than ___

for food.

beg B. begging C. begged D. to beg

13.The boy pretended ____ when his mother

entered.

reading B. to read

C. to be reading D. being read

A

A

C

See you next day![文章尾部最后500字内容到此结束,中间部分内容请查看底下的图片预览]

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