Unit 5 First Aid-Grammar

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Ellipsis为了使语言简洁或避免重复,

我们要怎样做呢?

本单元我们将接触一种新的语法现象省略为了使讲话和行文简洁，句中某些成分有时可以省略。省略可分为以下几种情况：1) Come in, please.

2) See you tomorrow.

3) Thank you for your help.

4) Beg your pardon.简单句中的省略(You)(I)(I)(I)1) Sounds a good idea.

2) Something to drink?

3) This way, please.(It)(Would you like) (You come)可以省略宾语的全部;

可以省略作宾语的动词不定式, 只保留to,但如果该宾语是动词be或完成时态,则须在to后加上be或have。1) ---Do you know Miss Hu?

---I don’t know her.

2) Don’t touch anything unless the teacher tells you to touch.

3) ---Are you a teacher?

---No, but I want to be a teacher.

4) ---He hasn’t finished the task.

---Well, he ought to have finish it.---Are you thirsty?

---Yes, I am thirsty.

2) His brother isn’t lazy.

Nor is his sister lazy.两个并列分句中，后一分句常某某与前一分句中相同的部分．1) My father is a doctor and my mother is a nurse.

2) I study at college and my sister studies at high school.

3) Lin’s father was not at home, but his mother was at home.1. 连词的that省略(1)宾语从句中常某某that, 但多个宾语

从句并列时, 通常只省略第一个thatHe said that the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.(2)在定语从句中that在作宾语时才能省略The book that I borrowed yesterday

was hers.2. 在某些状语从句中,当从句的主语与主句的主语一致，且从句谓语部分有be动词时,可省去“主语+be”部分1 When he was still a boy of 10, he had

to work day and night.

2 As he was a child, he lived in India.

3 If you are asked you may come in.

4 Though he is young, he knows a lot.3.当从句主语是 it,谓语动词有含有系动词be时,可以把 it系动词be一起省略。此时构成连词（ if ， unless, when，whenever等）+形容词的结构。

如：Unless it is necessary，you‘d better not refer to the dictionary.

另外,我们还可以用so或not代替上文内容,此时可有if+so/not。

Get up early tomorrow. If you don’t get up early, you will miss the early bus.

He may be at home then, if he is at home, give him the message. not so 其他省略

1. 不定式符号to的省略(1)并列的不定式可省去后面的 to。

I told him to sit down and wait for a moment.

(2) help 当“帮助”讲时，后面的宾语或宾补的不定式符号to可带可不带。

I will help (to) do it for you.

I will help you (to) do it.

(3)介词but前若有动词do, 后面不定式不

带to。 The boy did nothing but play.2.某些使役动词（let, make, have）及感官动词（see, watch, hear, notice, observe, feel, look at, listen to等）后面作宾语补足语的不定式一定要省去 to, 但在被动语态中须将to 复原。

I saw the boy fall from the tree.

The boy was seen to fall from the tree.

The boss made us work 12 hours a day.

We were made to work 12 hours a day. 3.主语从句中有动词do,后面作表语的不定式的 to可带可不带。

What we can do now is (to) wait.

4.条件从句中有should, were或had时,可以省略if,但要将should, were或had提至句首。

If I were you, I would give it up.

Were I you, I would give it up.

If it were not for your advice, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties.

Were it not for your advice, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties.If I had had time, I would have run round that lake again.

Had I had time, I would have run round that lake again.

If there should be a flood, what should we do?

Should there be a flood, what should we do?EXERCISES:Now it’s your turn to find out what have been left out. 1. Haven’t seen you for ages.

?2. Some more tea?

3. Sounds like a good idea. I haven’t seen you for ages.Would you like some more tea?That/It sounds like a good idea.It doesn’t matter.I’m sorry to hear that. 4. Doesn’t matter.

5. Sorry to hear that.

6. This way, please. ? Step / Come this way, please. 7. Terrible weather!

8. Joining us for a drink?

9. Going to the supermarket?What terrible weather it is!Are you joining us for a drink?? Are you going to the supermarket?Choose the best answers.1)----Tomorrow is a holiday. Why are

you doing your homework?

-----I am doing these exercises now so

that I won’t have _____ on Sunday.

A. it B. them C. for D. to2)----Shall I invite Ann to my birthday

party tomorrow evening?

----Yes. It’ll be fine if you______.

A. are B. can C. invite D. do

3)---- Aren’t you the manager?

---- No, and I______

A.?don’t want to B. don’t want to be

C. don’t want be D. don’t want4)---I’ll be away on a business trip. Would

you mind looking after my cat?

---Not at all. ______.

A. I’ve no time B. I’d rather not

C. I’d like it D. I’d be glad to

5)---- Won’t you have another try?

---- ________.

A. Yes, I will have B. Yes, I won’t have

C. Yes, I won’t D. Yes, I will 6)-----I won’t do it any more.

-----_______?

A. Why not

B. Why don’t do any more

C. Why not do

D. Why don’t 7)----Do you think it will snow tomorrow?

----______.

A.I don’t think B. No, I don’t think

C. I don’t think so D. No, I don’t so

8)----Have you fed the cat?

----No, but______.

A. I’m B. I am

C. I’m just going D. I’m just going to

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