it的用法

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it的用法

【高考走向】It的用法在高考中也是重现率较高的语言点。其考查方式多通过“单项填空”进行，偶尔也出现在“短文改错”和“完形填空”中。

14.The doctor thought______would be good for you to have a holiday.（2010全国卷II）

A.this B.that C.one D.it

答案：D

解析：考查It的用法。It的两个重要用法是作形式主语和形式宾语。本题考查形式宾语，it在这里代指后面的真正宾语to have a holiday。

（2010陕西卷短文改错）

My sister saw a lovely cup when we are shopping the other day. She liked it at once. Then she bent down and picked up to look at a price on it. ...

解析：pick up中间应加上it，指代上文提到的a lovely cup.

it的基本用法

一、代词it

（1）用作人称代词，代替前文提到过的事物。

That vase is valuable. It’s more than 200 years old.

那个花瓶很珍贵，它有200多年的历史。

I love swimming. It keeps me fit. 我喜欢游泳，它能使我保持健康。

（2）用以代替提示代词this, that。

—What’s this? —It’s a knife.

—Whose watch is that? —It’s mine.

（3）起指示代词的作用，指一个人或事物。

—Who is knocking at the door? —It’s me.

（4）表示天气、气候、温度、时间、地点、距离、环境等意义的句子中。

It is half past three now. 现在是三点半钟。

It is six miles to the nearest hospital from here.

这里离最近的医院也有六英里。

It was very cold; it snowed and grew dark.

天气很冷；天下着雪，渐渐地变黑了。

It was very noisy (quiet) at the very moment.

（5） it也常用来表示一般的笼统的情况。如：

It’s awful—I’ve got so much work I don’t know where to start.

糟透了——我有这么多工作要做我不知从何开始. How is it going with you?

Take it easy.

it与one的区别：这两个词都可以代表前面说过的名词，但it用于同名同物的场合；one则用于同名异物的场合。

— Do you still have the bicycle? — No, I have sold it.

— Is this knife yours?

—No. It is Xiao Zhang’s. Mine is the one on the desk.

it与that的区别：两词都可代替某一特定词，

但that指同一类，并非同一个。

The climate of South China is mild（温和的）;

I like it very much.

（it指the climate of South China）

The climate of South China is much better than that of Japan.

（that指the climate）

二、引导词it

it充当形式主语或形式宾语，本身无意义，只起一种先行引导的作用。后面的真正主语或真正宾语通常是不定式结构、-ing分词结构或名词性从句。

（1）用作形式主语

It is difficult to translate this article. 翻译这篇文章很难。

It is getting harder every day for a lazy man to get a living.

懒汉谋生是日益困难了。

What time would it be most convenient for me to call again?

什么时候我再给你打电话最合适？

It is no use going there so early. 这么早去那里没有用。

It has been a great honour your coming to visit me.

你的来访是我很大的荣幸。

It is strange that he did not come at all. 真奇怪，他竟还没来。

It doesn’t matter what you do.什么都没关系。

（2）用作形式宾语

I found it difficult to explain to him what happened.

我觉得向他解释清发生了什么事很困难。

He thought it no use going over the subject again.

他认为再讨论这个问题没有用了。

They kept it quiet that he was dead.

他们对他的死保密。

We must make it clear to the public that something should be done to stop pollution.

我们必须使公众明白应该采取措施制止污染。

(3)强调句型引导词it.

a.强调句句型

1)陈述句的强调句型：It is/ was + 被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+ that/ who（当强调主语且主语指人）+ 其它部分。

It was yesterday that he met Li Ping.

2)一般疑问句的强调句型：同上，只是把is/ was提到it前面。

Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping?

3)特殊疑问句的强调句型：被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其它部分？

When and where was it that you were born?

4)强调句例句：针对I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.句子进行强调。

强调主语：

It was I that (who) met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.

强调宾语：

It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday.

强调地点状语：

It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.

强调时间状语：

It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station.

5)注意：构成强调句的it本身没有词义；强调句中的连接词一般只用that, who，即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此，that, who不可省略；强调句中的时态只用两种，一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时，用It was XXXXX ，其余的时态用It is XXXXX 。

b. not XXXXX until XXXXX 句型的强调句

1)句型为：It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其它部分

普通句：He didn’t go to bed until/ till his wife came back.

强调句：

It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.

2)注意：此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是强调句型，till, until可通用；因为句型中It is/ was not XXXXX 已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。

c.谓语动词的强调

1)It is/ was XXXXX that XXXXX 结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词do/ does或did。

Do sit down. 务必请坐。

He did write to you last week.

上周他确实给你写了信。

Do be careful when you cross the street.

过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！

2)注意：此种强调只用do/ does和did ，没有别的形式；过去时用did ，后面的谓语动词用原形。

it的句型

1. It?is?+（心理品质方面的）adj.＋of?+?sb.?+to?do.=?主语+?be?+形容词＋to?do.

修饰人，of后引出的名词或代词不但是后面不定式的逻辑主语，而且也是前面adj.的逻辑主语。所以，这种句子中的adj.一般都是表示人的特性的adj.

(常用的形容词有kind,?stupid;?foolish,?good,?wise,selfish,unfair,silly,polite等。)?

It?is?kind?of?you?to?help?me.

＝You?are?kind?to?help?me.

It was silly of you to believe him.

It was stupid of her to make such a mistake.

? 

2.It?is?+adj.(possible,?impossible,?necessary等)?＋for+?sb.+?to?do.?

修饰物，for后引出的名词或代词只是后面不定式的逻辑主语，而不是前面adj.的逻辑主语。

It is necessary for us to learn English well.

It is impossible for him to walk 30 miles within an hour.

It is easy for you to listen to the teacher attentively.

3.It?is?/?was＋被强调的部分＋that(who)+剩余的部分.如：

It?wasn't?until?he?came?back?that?I went?to?bed.

直到他回来我才睡觉。

It?was?because?he?was?ill?that?he didn't?come?to?school?today.

只因为他有病了今天没有来上学。

It?is?I?who?am?a?student. 我确实是个学生。

（句中am不能用are来代替。）

4.容易与强调句混淆的固定句型中

1.) It is the first time (that)主语+have done...

2.)It was the first time (that)主语+had done...

3.)It?is?(high)?time?+?(that)?主语＋should?do?/?did...

4.)It?is?+段某某＋since+主语＋did.?

It?was?+段某某＋since+主语＋had?done.?

It is the first time (that)I have been here.(定从）

It was the first time (that)I had visited the place.(定从）

It is (high) time (that)he went to school.

(虚拟定语从句）

It is a long time since I met you last.(时间状从）

It was three days since the mother had lost her kid.

5.)It?is/was＋表示地点的名词＋where+从句（本句不是强调句型，而是以where引导的zhuang语从句。）

6.)It?is?/?was?+表示时间的名词＋when+从句。（本句不是强调句型，而是以when引导的状语从句。）

...

It is the town where I was born.(zhuang从）

It was already 8 o'clock when he came back.

(时间状语从句）

。

7.)It?+谓语＋段某某＋before+主语＋谓语.（?before引导的是时间状语从句。）

8.)It's +地点状语+that...

9.)It's+时间状语+that

It?will?be?three?hours?before?he?comes back.（之后...才...)

It?wasn't?long?before?the?people in that?country?rose?up.

It was in the town that I came to know him.

(强调结构）

It was 3 years ago that he joined the army.

(强调结构）

5.由it构成的常用词组

It appears ...that在...看来似乎

It can be said that可以说

It can be seen that可见，可以说

It happened that 碰巧，偶然

It has been proved that已经证明

It is a fact that事实上

It is a pity that可惜，遗憾

It is a wonder that奇怪的是

It is no use that是无用的

It is obvious that 显然，很明显

It is expected that 人们希望，预期

It is likely that 很可能，大概

It seems/looks as if仿佛像是

It is pointed out that有人指出

It makes no difference that ...都是一样，无区别

It takes sb.to do sth.某人花费...做...

It all depends.=That depends.视情况而定

If it is convenient to you如你方便时

believe it or not信不信由你

as it is 事实上，其实

It is a pleasure to do ...高兴做

If it had not been for=but for要不是

It is no good (use ) doing sth.

高考链接

1. He didn’t make ____ clear when and

where the meeting would be held. (天津2007)

A. this B. that C. it D. these

2. ____ is our belief that improvements in

health care will lead to a stronger, more

prosperous economy. (浙江2006)

A. As B. That C. This D. It

C

D

3. The doctor advised Vera strongly that

she should take a holiday, but ______ didn’t

help. (2005全国)

A. it B. she C. which D. he

4. I’d appreciate ______ if you would like

to teach me how to use the computer.

(山东2006)

A. that B. it C. this D. you

A

B

5. It was ______ he came back from

Africa that year______ he met the girl

he would like to marry. (江西2009)

A. when; then B. not; until

C. not until; that D. olny, when

6. It was along the Missippi River ______

Mark Twain spent much of hid childhood.

(天津2008)

A. how B. which C. that D. where

C

C

改错

You won’t find difficult to get to the city

center. (2004全国)

2. I know there is not easy to be a teacher.

(2004湖北)

3. This is not surprising that the Silver

Ghost was regarded as “the best car in

the world”.

find后加it

there → it

This >>>>>>内容过长，仅展示头部和尾部部分文字预览，全文请查看图片预览。<<<<<<

C. There is D. There was

C

C

B

① It is never too old to learn.

活到老, 学到老。

② It is easier to fall than to rise.

摔倒容易爬起来难。

③ It is no use crying over spilt (溢出的)

milk. 覆水难收。

④ It never rains but it pours(泼水).

不鸣则已, 一鸣惊人。

Proverbs(谚语) with “It”

⑤ It is easy to open a shop but hard to keep it always open.

创业容易守业难。

⑥ It takes three generations (代) to make a gentleman.

十年树木, 百年树人。

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