句子结构

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简单句的五种基本句型和there be 结构

一，主系表结构：主语+系动词+表语

系动词分为be动词和联系动词

Be动词__________过去式____________

五个起来：（感官类）look, sound, feel, taste, smell

五个保持：stay, keep, remain, stand, continue

八个变得：go, become, turn, get, fall, come, run, grow

两个证明是：turn out (to be), prove (to be)

两个看起来，显得seem (to be) , appear (to be )

注意：1.系动词无进行时无被动语态。

改正：The flowers are smelt good

2.观察句子中动词是不是联系词用法：

We keep cows for milk..

We will stay here for 3 days

The blind men felt the elephant.

结论：这些词只有在翻译为以上联系动词含义的情况下才是联系动词。

Eg: He appears a fool.

主语 系动词 表语（名词做了表语）

What he said is to be discussed.

主语（从句做主语） be动词 表语（不定式做表语）

1.My father is an engineer.

2.She used to be a worker.

3.The situation remains to be looked into.

4.The task remains undone.

5.He keeps silent at the meeting.

6.This kind of cloth feels smooth.

7.The reason why he was late was that he got up late.

8.What we need is enough time.

9.He is not what he was.

10.At present what we must do is study hard.

11.My dream is to go to a key university.

12.This is what I want.

13.It is important for us to learn English.

14.What is known to us is that Taiwan is part of China.

15.It is known to us that Taiwan is part of China.

16.He is in his office now.

专项练习：

1.长大后他成为了一名老师。

2.这种食物尝起来很糟糕。

3.事实证明是正确的。

4.丝绸摸起来又软又滑。

5.孩子们，请保持安静。

6.我的愿望是成为一名作家。

7.这台机器状况良好 (in good condition）

8.我最喜欢的运动是踢足球。

9.这就是我所期待的。

10.问题是他是否能来。

二，主谓结构:主语+谓语（不及物动词）（+状语）

1.She went home very late yesterday evening.

2.That morning we talked a great deal.

3.The meeting will last two hours.

4.Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.

5.Things of that sort are happening all over the world every day.

6.The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919.

7.Classes begin at eight every day.

8.This box weighs five kilos.

9.Dark clouds hung overhead, and a heavy snow fell/it snowed heavily.

10.Gradually a smile appeared on her face.

练习：你应该努力学习。

我英语学得好。

我们都得呼吸，吃 和喝。

雨停了。

他们交谈了半个小时。

我们课上应该认真听讲

再看下面的例句，注意下面这些词后面跟上副词（well, easily, smoothly等）都是主动表被动的用法。

1. Wood burns easily.

2. The meat doesn’t cut easily. It’s too soft.

3.The food cooks easily.

练习：1纸撕起来很容易。

2 这些书很畅销，所以很快就卖光了。

3 这种布料很耐穿。

4 这只钢笔写起来很流畅。

5 这些衣服很容易洗。

总结: 哪些动词后面跟上副词用来主动表被动呢？

三， 主谓宾结构: 主语+谓语+宾语（谓语动词指除系动词以外的动词，其实只是名称变了，句型和主系表结构基本一样）

观察下面的例句，分析句子成分，尤其注意宾语是由什么充当的。

1.They have carried out the plan successfully.

He has read this book many times.

2. I want to talk with you this afternoon

Jim cannot dress himself.

3. You must finish reading these books in two weeks.

Would you mind opening the door?

You should practice speaking English every day.

你知道还有哪些动词后常接动名词作宾语：享受________逃脱________完成_________想像___________介意__________练习_____________ 建议_____________ 承认____________ 欣赏，感激____________冒险______________阻止____________放弃______________推迟__________想要___________考虑__________

4. He has refused to help them.

Li Ping failed to pass the exam.

He managed to swim across the river.

5. All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.

He did not know what to say.

The teacher asked whether he was a student.

1.他喜欢读英语。

2.他记得参加晚会了。

3.我发现这个司机是个女人。

4.我建议推迟会议。

5.我正考虑买辆车。

6.我总是想象变成一个百万富翁。

7.小鸟没被射中。（escape）

8.我不知道发生什么。

9.请查明火车什么时候开。

10.我不介意他是否会来。

11.我不知道如何使用这台机器。

12.我买不起车。（afford）

13我想出国。

四，主谓双宾结构：主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语（直宾指_____ 间宾指________）

1.He gave me a book.=He gave a book to me.

2.He brought you a dictionary=He brought a dictionary to you.

动词+sb+sth=动词+sth+to sb 这类结构中常见动词有：show, give, offer, tell, teach, promise, bring, pass, hand, lend, write, pay, send等

3.My father bought me a new bike. = My father bought a new bike for me.

4.She cooked her husband a delicious meal. = She cooked a delicious meal for her husband.

动词+sb+sth= 动词+sth+for sb这类结构中常见动词有：make , save, sing, draw, buy, prepare, choose, order, find, get, call等。

翻译：

1.妈妈给我做了一件新衣服。

2.请把那本词典递给我好么？

3.约翰去年教我们德语。

4.他把车票给列车员（conductor）看。

5.这学期我已经给父母写过三封信了。

6.我替你叫辆出租车好吗？

再观察下列句子

1.He explained the article to us. = He explained to us the article.

2.He said’“Good morning” to me. = He said to me “Good morning”.

动词+to sb+sth =动词+sth+to sb 这类结构中to 不可省略。常见动词有：say, explain, express, suggest, report, introduce, announce等。

1.我向他们表达了谢意。

2.他向他的同学们介绍了这位新同学。

3.他向警察报告了这次事故。

4.他给我提议了一个好的学习计划。

五，主谓复合宾

1..名词做宾补

请看例句并观察谓语动词：

(1).We make/ elect/choose him monitor.

(2).We call him Li Ping.

(3).His mother named him Li Ping.

翻译：1).小孩子们叫他大拇指叔叔。

2).群众选他当了总统。

3).那对夫妇把孩子命名为约翰。

2.形容词做宾补（常见动词find ,think ,feel, consider, make, keep, leave等）

I think it important to learn .English well.

I found the film interesting.

He made me angry.

I feel it necessary to make a correction.

翻译：1).学生应该保持教室清洁。

2).不要留着门开着。

3).我发现这本书很枯燥。

4).我认为不可能在如此短的时间完成作业。

5).他把囚犯们都释放了。(set)

3．介词短语做宾补：

We found/saw/noticed him in the playground.

4．分词做宾补 （现在分词和过去分词） 常见动词：（feel, listen, hear, look ,watch, observe, see, notice, find, get, have, keep, leave, make等）

分析例句：

1).I saw him picking her pocket.

2)．I saw her pocket picked (by him)

3).I saw her money stolen.

4).I saw him.stealing her money.

5).I found him standing over there.

6).She felt doubt arising in her heart.

7).I feel myself lifted up.

8).Let me try now. I will get the car going.

9). When are you going to get your hair cut ?

10).I raised my voice in order to make myself heard by my students.

翻译：1.我发现蛇正在吃鸡蛋。

2.我发现鸡蛋被蛇吃了。

3.我看到他被人打。

4.这里太吵了，别人很难听到我的话。(make oneself done)

5.因为我的英语很差，我不能用英语表达我的意思。(make oneself done)

6.我让别人修理我的车。(get/have)

7.你每隔多久理一次发？

8..工作不要半途而废。(leave)

9.她任凭她的宝宝哭个不停。(leave)

10.我让机器整个晚上在运转。(have)

11. 我听到有人叫我的名字。

12.我让门锁着。(keep)

13.老师让学生一直在阅读课文。(keep)

14 我注意到杯子碎了。

15.我发现他的房子重新粉刷过了。 (repaint)

5．不定式做宾补

A：省to不定式

感官动词：feel, listen，hear ,look , watch，observe, see, notice

使役动词：make ,let ,have

分析例句

1). I heard her singing a song when I passed by.

2). He felt his love for her grow day by day.

3). I felt the building shake. / I feel the building shaking at the moment.

比较这两个句子：

I saw him steal a wallet. 变被动.

I saw him stealing a wallet.变被动

你找到到规律了吗？

翻译：

1.我最终使他改变了注意。

2.我听到她在房间里唱了一首歌。

3.我让他打扫了教室。

4.我注意到她走进了那家工厂。

5.我觉得自己要飞起来了。

B：带to不定式：(就是动词+ sb+ to do sth的结构)

观察例句：

1).I want him to come early.

2). I wish him to live a happy life.

3) He asked me to clean the room.

翻译：1他叫我和他一起购物。

2.她说服了弟弟上床睡觉。

3.玛丽提醒我要准时参加会议。

4.爸爸警告我不要吸烟。

5.我期待她能在考试中成功。

6.老师不允许我们课上说话。

C: 不定式为to be

观察例句：1).I believe him( to be) honest.

2).Can you imagine him (to be) a singer star?

3).He declared the story (to be) false.

6．由as构成的短语做宾补

consider---as treat---as regard---as look on---as think of---as have---as take---as 请看例句：

1）You shouldn’t consider him as a selfish man.

2)She treats me as her daughter.

3)He took his words as compliment.赞颂

4)Who can we have as the headmaster?

六、There be 句型

此句型是由there+ be +主语+状语构成，用以表达某地存在有，它其实是完全倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词be之后，there仅为引导词，并无实际和意义。Be 与其后的主语在人称和数上一致，有时态和情态变化。如：

1.现在有 there is / are-----

2. 过去有 there was / were-----

3.将来有 there will be-----/ there is / are going to be

4.现在已经有 there has /have been

5.可能有 there might be-------

6.肯定有 there must be-----/ there must have been-------

7.过去曾经有 there used to be--------

8.似乎有there seems/seem/seemed to be-------

9.碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be-------

此句型有时可用live, stand, lie, remain, exist, come, go等替代be动词

分析例句：

1.There is going to be a meeting tomorrow.

2.There lived an old man at the foot of the mountain.

3.There came a shout for “help”.

4.There must have been a village here.

5.There lies a book on the desk.

6.There goes the bell.[全文已结束，注意以上仅为全文的文字预览，不包含图片和表格以及排版]

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