M3--Grammar

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Module 3 The Violence of Nature

Grammar 1

Grammar 2

Look at the following sentences and find out when the past perfect passive is used.

1.By the time the tornado ended, more than 700 people had been killed.

2.Coghlan traveled back to Canada after he had been buried in Texas.

动作在过去某一时刻之前已经完成，且谓语动词与发出这一动作的主语存在被动关系。句中常用by, before, until, when等词引导时间状语。

Finish the exercise at Activity 2, Page 24.

Answers:

1. saw, had disappeared

2. returned, found, had been ruined

3. arrived, had taken

4. left, had finished

5. had tried, passed

Finish the exercise at Activity 3, Page 24.

Answers

1. had been killed / had died

2. had been destroyed / had fallen down

3. had been flooded / destroyed

4. had been destroyed

5. had died / had been killed

1. By the time he gets home, his father _____________(leave) for Paris on business.

2. By the time he got home, his father _____________(leave) for Paris on business.

3. He ______________(learn) singing for 3 years when he was in primary school.

4. — The food here is nice enough.

— My friend _______________ (introduce) me a right place.

had left

will have left

learned

introduced

【经典例析】

—Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time?

—Yes, since she____ the Chinese Society.

A. has joined B. joins

C. had joined D. joined

【经典例析】

—What a mistake!

—Yes. I his doing it another way, but without success.

A. was suggesting B. will suggest

C. would suggest D. had suggested

【经典例析】

—Did you know any French before you arrived in Paris？

—Never _______it, actually.

A. I learned B. have I learned

C. had I learned D. was I learned

Direct and Indirect Speech:

I am a beautiful girl.

What did the girl say?

She said that she was a beautiful girl.

直接引语:直接引用别人的话,把它放在引号内. (direct speech)

间接引语:用自己的话转述别人的话 (indirect speech)

What are the tense changes in indirect speech?

“I’m still working because there is a lot to do.” he said.

He said that he was still working because there was a lot to do.

was

was

1. Present simple becomes past simple.

He said, “Eleven thousand people live here and six thousand left last week.”

He said that eleven thousand people lived there and six thousand had left a week before.

2. Past simple becomes past perfect;

3. Here-there last week-the week before

lived

had left

a week before

there

“Does this mean that the danger is over?” he asked.

He asked if this meant that the danger was over.

if

meant

was

4.一般疑问句的间接引语需要加if或whether，疑问句语序变陈述句语序。

He often says, “China is great.”

He often says (that) China is great.

“I don’t want to play football.” he said.

He said (that) he didn’t want to play football.

5.陈述句变为间接引语,要用that引导从句,口语中常可省略。

He said, “Where is she going?”

He asked where she was going.

He asked me “what did you do?”

He asked me what I had done.

6.特殊疑问句变为间接引语,引导词仍用特殊疑问词,但疑问语序要变为陈述语序.

“Tom,” he said to him, “come here, please.”

He asked Tom to go there.

Father said to me ,“Don’t do that.”

Father told me not to do that.

7.祈使句变为间接引语时,用ask / tell / order sb. to/not to do sth. 连接。

Finish the exercise at Activity 2, Page 26.

Answers:

1. volcanic eruptions didn’t happen very often on the island.

2. no one was/had been on the island during the volcanic eruption.

3. the thunderstorm would put out the fires.

4. the residents could go back to their homes.

5. several eruptions had taken place in the previous 20 years ago.

6. the residents would travel back to the island when the danger was over.

Change the following sentences into indirect speech.

1. He asked me,“You are a student, aren’t you?”

2. “Where is the station?” said Tom.

3. “Why don’t you stay here over the weekend?” she said.

He asked me if I was a student.

Tom asked where the station was.

She suggested I should stay here over the weekend.

Homework

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