定语从句PPt(曹某某）

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***学：曹某某

定 语 从 句Attributive Clause

定语从句的定义 （ Definition ）

在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。

The boys who are playing football are from class one.

His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.

先行词：被定语从句修饰的词。

The boys who are playing football are from class one.

正在踢足球的男孩子们是一班的。

His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.

深爱着他的妈妈对他要求很严格。

定语从句的分类

限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句意思就不完整或失去意义。例如：

She married a man whom she met on a bus。

非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词进行附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚，与主句通常用逗号分开。

Beijing, which is the capital of China, has a long history.

引导定语从句的关系词

关系代词: ( 做主语，宾语，定语）

that, which, who, whom, whose, as

关系副词:（做状语）

When, where, why

关系词在先行词和定语从句之间，起着连接主从句、指代先行词和在从句中做句子成分的三重作用。

He has found the book (that) he was looking for.

引导定语从句的关系代词

引导定语从句的关系副词

When，在从句中作时间状语，指代时间。

Do you still remember the afternoon when we first met three years ago.

Where，在从句中作地点状语，指代地点。

The hotel where we stayed was very clean.

Why，在从句中作原因状语，指代原因。

The reason why he was late was that he missed his train.

定语从句只由that引导的情况

1、先行词是anything，everything，nothing，few，all，none，little, the one等不定代词。

All that can be done has been done.

2、先行词被all，any，every, some, no, little, few, much等修饰。

I have read all the books that I borrowed from our Chinese teacher.

定语从句只由that引导的情况

1、先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰。

The first place that they visited in London was Big Ben.

This is the best film that I have seen.

2、先行词被the only, the very, the right, the last, just 等修饰。

This is the very book that I left on the playground last week.

定语从句只由that引导的情况

1、先行词前面有who，which等疑问代词时。

Who is the man that is standing there?

2、先行词既有人又有物时。

He talked happily of the things and persons that he remembered studying in the school.

关系代词与关系副词的选择

根据从句中的谓语动词判断。从句谓语为及物动词，后面若无宾语，就须用关系代词；从句谓语为不及物动词则要用关系副词。

This is the factory ( ) he used to work.

This is the factory ( ) I visited last year.

A. where B. that/which

关系代词与关系副词的选择

根据先行词在从句中所作的成分判断。先行词在从句中作主语、宾语、定语时用关系代词；作状语时用关系副词。

Is this the museum ( ) you visited a few days ago?

Is this the museum ( ) the exhibition was held.

A. that/which B. where

“介词+关系代词”的用法

1、在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，用which指代物，whom指代人。

This is the room in which we lived last year.

This is the person from whom I borrowed the English book.

2、含有介词的固定词组，介词不可前置。

The babies whom the nurses are looking after are healthy.

“介词+关系代词”中介词的选择

1、依据定语从句中的动词或形容词的习惯搭配。

I bought a great many books, on which I spent all my money that I saved.

2、依据从句谓语动词和先行词的搭配确定。

I remember the day on which I joined the Party.

This is the person from whom I borrowed the English book.

3、依据所表达的意思确定。

The colorless gas without which we can’t live is called oxygen.

As 用作关系代词，既可指人，也可指物

1、引导限制性定语从句，常某某 the sameXXXXXasXXXXX, suchXXXXXasXXXXX, asXXXXXasXXXXX, soXXXXXasXXXXX 等句型中，可做主语，宾语和表语。

2、引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前，主句后，还可插在句中。常用的结构有 as we know, as is ( well) known, as we can see, as was mentioned above, as has been said beforeXXXXX

As 相关例句

1. I want to have such a computer as he has.

2. As we all know, China has a large population.

3. This is the same book as I lost yesterday.

这本书和我昨天丢的那本书一样。

4. This is the same book that I lost yesterday.

这就是我昨天丢的那本书。

易混淆定语从句辨析

Is this the museum ( ) you visited a few days ago?

Is this the museum ( ) the exhibition was held.

Is this museum ( ) some German friends visited last Wednesday？

This museum is the one ( that/which) XXXXX

A. that/which B. where C. the one

易混淆定语从句辨析

The reason why he was late was that he missed his train.

The reason ( which/that) he explained at the meeting was not sound.

Reason在第一句中做状语，后引导词用why。

Reason在第二句中做宾语，后引导词用that。

易混淆定语从句辨析

I’ll never forget the days when I played with you.

I’ll never forget the days that/which I spent with my teachers.

The days 在第一句中作状语，用关系副词when。

The days 在第二句中作宾语，用关系代词that/which。

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